British Virgin Islands and Bermuda

The British Virgin Islands (BIV) and the Bermuda are British colonies with a high degree of internal self-government. Both countries have been designated as a British Overseas Territory and although they are still technically under British rule, they have exercised control over their own state affairs. Demography The Virgin Islands is an archipelago of more than 40 islands, of which 16 are inhabited. It has strong ties with the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico as it is geographically situated in between these countries.As per the latest data in the CIA Factbook, the male-dominated BIV has a population of 23,552 (July 2007 estimate) with nearly two per cent growth rate. Given its history with the US, the official language is English and almost ninety per cent of the population are Protestants. The Virgin Islands has one of the most stable economies in the Caribbean. Some 45 per cent of its income is generated from tourism. In 2005 for example, more than 800,000 tourists, mainly from the United States visited the Islands. It also relies on light industries and offshore financial centers.The Bermuda on the other hand, was first inhabited by English colonist in the early 17th century. It belongs to the group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina in the US. The Bermuda is a small country, roughly one-third of Washington D. C. Like the Virgin Islands, its official language is English although a significant number of its more than 66,163 (July 2007 estimate) population speaks Portuguese. The major religions are Anglican and Catholic. The Bermuda boasts of the highest per capita income in the world, more than 50 per cent higher than that of the United States.Its primary income generator is their robust international business sector. Government and Politics The Bermuda is the oldest Britain’s colony. For five years now, it ahs been a self-governing territory of the UK. Bermudans are entitled to enjoy dual citizenship and have the right t o live and work in Europe (Sanders, par. 5) The system of government in Bermuda is that of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency. The official head of state is the Queen of England, Elizabeth II, while the Premier is the head of government.The Queen appoints a Governor to represent her in Bermuda. Bermuda’s political framework is very similar to that of the UK. Like most democracies, it has two legislative chambers: the House of Assembly and the Senate. Bermuda is independent of the UK in all internal matters and makes its own set of laws (Forbes, par. 11). British and UK laws do not apply in Bermuda. Bermuda laws are generally much more restrictive to non-nationals. The Bermuda, however, is dependent on Britain for defense, external affairs and internal security.Like Bermuda, the BIV is also self-governing in most internal matters. According to its amended Constitution of 2000, their head of state is also the Queen and her appointed governor is in charge of th e country’s external affairs, defense, internal security and public service. On all other matters except those, the executive council ahs authority. The executive council is headed by the governor, chief minister, an attorney-general and three other ministers. In both the Bermuda and Virgin Islands, the Queen remains to be the most important figure.The governor she appoints is also given much value considering the structure of their government and their political framework. Their legislature and executive councils, however, have autonomy to the states’ internal matters. Independence The issue of independence has been a recurring subject of debate in both countries. In Bermuda, independence has been discussed since the mid-1960’s when Britain was anxious to get rid of all its colonies. In 2004, the ruling Progressive Labour Party has Created the Bermuda Independence Commission.Its main concern is to educate people about the gains and losses of independence. Despi te the arguments for independence, however, opposition on breaking links with Britain has been strong. A November 2006 poll shows that 65 per cent of Bermudans were against breaking ties with Britain (Jones, par. 2). This is 17 per cent lower than the 57 per cent in July of the same year. The issue of independence however is expected to be a major point when Bermuda holds its elections in January 2009. Independence was rejected in a 1995 referendum by 75 per cent voters.The main argument against independence is the fact that Bermuda enjoys a high degree despite its being a British colony. Its economy has been robust. As former Premier Sir John Swan likes to put it, â€Å"With the Americans to feed us and the British to defend us, who needs independence† (Sanders, par. 10). In British Virginia Islands, although there is no formal movement toward full independence, its possibility is a central topic of public debate and party politics. Despite self-governance, the Bermuda and V irgin Islands politics is still very much similar to that of its crown country.Bermuda’s political, as well as social economic institutions have shown resiliency and stability. Despite this, however, its political framework has not fully been independent of Britain. This is because it was Britain who instituted its political system. The Queen and her appointed Governor is an active force in the affairs of the state so much so that the Westminster style of government is still very much felt. The same thing applies to the Virgin Islands. Its politics is British in origin and even with a high level of autonomy, the framework of government is still very much like its crown country.Its colonial relationship with the United Kingdom lets it operate in a constitutional democracy with the executive authority vested in the Queen. British influence is all over Bermuda and the Virgin Islands. Their national anthem is both â€Å"God Save the Queen† and the Queen’s birthday i s observed as an official public holiday. Their Constitutions are drafted the British way. Branches of government such as the executive and judiciary also demand Britain’s participation. And although these colonies have been handling internal matters of government by themselves, their external affairs are still Britain’s problem.Until a significant portion of government is still controlled by Britain, Bermuda and the Virgin Islands will still bear the same political structure—one that has its democracy of its own but deems considerable interference from the crown country as a must. Anglophone countries Anglophone nations share the same historical, cultural, and political characteristics attributed to the historical experience of the United Kingdom. Generally, it includes territories and former colonies of the UK which have English as the national language.But with its loose definition rooted on history and culture, it may also mean countries which use legal syst ems based on Common Law or simply Great Britain or British-settled countries. They also share similarities in civil rights and personal freedoms. In short, the Anglosphere â€Å"is not a club that a person or nation can join or be excluded from, but a condition or status of a network† (Bennett, par. 3). However, because of its imprecise boundaries, the Anglosphere as a network civilization does not have its corresponding political form.Its union is based firmly on culture and does not take any political outline. Notice that the forms of government in these English speaking countries are different. Some take the republican form, some are constitutional monarchies, while some are parliamentary democracies. The idea of a â€Å"Anglosphere government† has been subject to debate. The basic argument is that merging these countries and making it like a European Union of sorts would be a great development in the onward progress of English-speaking supremacy.However, others arg ue that the particular genius in this union is the fact that it has remained apolitical and non-governmental. Forging the Anglosphere as one solid government, they say, may only lead to the centralization of power. Anglophone countries handle their government differently. Their link to the atmosphere has not so far affected the way in which they run their politics. The Anglosphere is not a government of its own and it refuses to be. English-speaking countries who have joined the sphere have existing government structures that they chose to pursue despite â€Å"membership† in the union.The so-called â€Å"anglosphere challenge† however has earned buzz in the recent years. It is said that these political entities, though loose, is a force to reckon in the time of technological and scientific change provided they remain true to the traits that bonded them together in the first place—a strong, independent civil society, adherence to the rule of law, its people and i deas and openness and receptivity to the world. Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados Unlike the British Virgin Islands and Bermuda, Trinidad and Tobago is completely independent from Britain.It takes the form of a unitary state with a parliamentary democracy modeled after that of its former crown country. In 1976, soon after it broke ties with Britain, it adopted its own republican Constitution. The Queen is thereby replaced with a president elected by the Parliament. Since then, the general control and direction of its government rests on the cabinet, led by the prime minister. Barbados, for its part, gained independence from Britain in November 1966. It subsequently adopted the Westminster parliamentary system of government with a governor-general representing the British monarch.Its 1966 Constitution also provides for a bicameral parliamentary system headed by a prime minister and cabinet. Since breaking ties with Britain, responsibility for organizing the government has been evenly divided between its two major political parties that are both centrist social democratic parties that date its roots back to the British labor movement. The main difference between the overseas territories (Bermuda and Virgin Islands) and the two former colonies (Trinidad & Tobago and Barbados) is the extent to which Britain interferes with their affairs of government.Former colonies may have chosen to adopt British influence in its political structure but it is completely in control of both its internal and external affairs. The overseas territories, on the other hand, may have been granted self-governance but it does not have total control of its government, especially its defense and external affairs of government. Works Cited Bennet, James. â€Å"Orphans of the Anglosphere. † Albion’s Seedlings. (21 November 2005). 09 September 2007. < http://anglosphere. com/weblog/archives/000145. html>. Forbes, Keith.â€Å"Bermuda and Great Britain: A self-governing British Ove rseas Territory with its own laws. † Bermuda online. 09 September 2007. . Jones, Dan. â€Å"Poll finds opposition to Independence rises. † The Royal Gazette Magazine. (28 November 2006). 09 September 2007. . Sanders, Ronald. â€Å"Bermuda: Independence or not? † Caribbean Net News. (08 March 2005). 9 September 2007. .

The Government’s Taking of Private Property

The Constitution of the United States is based primarily on the ideas of the 17th Century English philosopher John Locke. Locke thought that everyone had natural rights, which included life, liberty, and property. Locke stated â€Å"the great and chief end, therefore, of men†s uniting into commonwealths, and putting themselves under government, is the preservation of property† (Locke/ McClaughry 3). He thought that if any of these rights were violated that the violator should make restitution. The Takings Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution states â€Å"Nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. When the government needs a citizen†s private property to build roads or buildings, they compensate the person with money roughly equal to the value of that person†s land. The problem of the government taking or restricting a citizen†s land arises with regulation of private property. John McClaughry defines regulatory taking â€Å"as a governmental confiscation or destruction of economic rights by regulation, without the physical occupation which would trigger just compensation to the owner† (McClaughry 7). The case of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council is an example of regulatory taking. In the case of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, Lucas bought two adjacent lots on the coast of the Isle of Palms in South Carolina, only to have the land restricted by the state, which prevented his intended use of the lots. Lucas argued that the state†s restriction of the land constituted taking without just compensation. The South Carolina Court of Common Pleas agreed with Lucas and awarded him $1,232,387. 50. The Supreme Court of South Carolina disagreed with the lower court, and saying that the restrictions were designed to prevent serious public harm so no compensation was necessary, even if it did affect the property†s value. Lucas appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States decided on Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council in June of 1992. This was four years after the Beachfront Management Act, which prohibited construction on Lucas† lots, was enacted in 1988. An amendment was made to the Act in 1990 that would allow construction in special situations. Lucas could possibly appeal to the Council and receive a permit to build on his lots at the time of the Supreme Court hearings. Lucas argued that the deprivation of use of his land from 1988-1990 amounted to a taking. The Supreme Court decided to grant certiorari. According to Locke, the government†s purpose is to protect and enforce people†s natural rights. One of the natural rights, according to Locke, is life. The coastal area of the Isle of Palms that Lucas† lots were on has been plagued with floods. Justice Blackmun stated that the land was â€Å"under water† from 1957 until 1963. In addition, between 1981 and 1983, â€Å"the Isle of Palms issued twelve emergency orders for sandbagging to protect property† (Blackmun 2). The state of South Carolina saw Lucas† property as unsafe. â€Å"Long ago it was recognized that all property in this country is held under the implied obligation that the owner†s use of it shall not be injurious to the community, and the Takings Clause did not transform that principle to one that requires compensations whenever the State asserts its power to enforce it† (Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass. 491-492). The state†s prevention of building on the site in question would not only foreseeably save the beach from erosion,! insurance and federal aid money, but possibly lives. The Supreme Court ruled in this case that when all value has been taken from property that the owner must receive compensation for it. The question still stands as to whether the state caused the land to become valueless by restricting the building upon it. Justice Blackmun argued, â€Å"†¦ yet the trial court, apparently believing that ‘less value† and ‘valueless† could be used interchangeably, found the property ‘valueless†Ã¢â‚¬  (Blackmun 5). He goes on to propose that the land still held value because Lucas could enjoy it in other ways, such as camping, swimming, picnicking, or placing a mobile home on it. The value of the property often lies in the eye of the beholder. In Colorado, a piece of legislation is being proposed that might become a model for other states where property rights are concerned. The Private Property Protection Act would allow â€Å"a landowner to seek compensation when a regulation takes away more than fifty percent of the land†s value† (McClaughry 4). This act hopes † to establish a standard for the most serious regulatory takings and to afford a method of relief for a landowner whose rights have been taken† according to McClaughry (McClaughry 8). In 1997, Senator Hatch (R-UT) introduced a piece of legislation called the Citizen†s Access to Justice Act. This Act would â€Å"reduce delay and expense of litigation by clearly defining when a property owner†s claim is ripe† for adjudication (Annett 2). This piece of legislation would help speed the process that is so costly for property owners. The Private Property Rights Implementation Act was passed in October of 1997. This Act helps owners pass their first hurdle by allowing them to have the merits of their case heard in federal court. The Tucker Act Shuffle Relief Act, also passed in October of 1997, helps citizens pass the second hurdle by â€Å"resolving the jurisdictional question for federal courts† (Annett 3). Even though the Supreme Court†s ruling in Lucas looked promising for property rights advocates, it turned out not to be such a big win after all. Justice Scalia limited the application of the ruling to total takings, excluding partial takings. The distinction between total and partial takings â€Å"is arbitrary and inconsistent with the purposes of the Takings Clause† (Butler 3). It is possible that one landowner could lose more money on a piece of property that is only partially taken and not receive compensation for it, when another landowner could be compensated for a piece of land that is not wholly worth as much as the other owner†s partial piece. The Supreme Court†s partial versus total taking has made a big impact upon lower court judges however. The lower courts are using the decision as a standard by which to judge regulatory property rights cases across the board. Many defendants are attempting to use the ruling, to fight prohibited construction on their land, where it is not applicable. Defendants â€Å"cannot claim their land is valueless simply because they might have developed it in the future† (Butler 5). The other relevant part of the Lucas decision is that â€Å"if the activity was previously permitted under relevant property and nuisance principles, then the prohibition of the activity would be a total regulatory taking that must be compensated† (Butler 6). Justice Blackmun ponders whether the government is going to be able to continue if it must weigh the possibility of compensation when making laws outlawing serious dangers to society. However, if all economically beneficial uses are not destroyed by the regulation, then it does not matter whether or not the activity was previously permitted. Another case of regulatory property taking that is still on the state level is the expansion of the Minneapolis-St. Paul Regional Airport. With the expansion of the airport, increased air traffic would be flying over the nearby Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge. In compensation for the affects on the habitat, â€Å"†¦ the Fish and Wildlife Service is going to be paid over $20 million† (Young 1). However, the money is going to come from fees and charges placed on people using the airport. When someone from the private sector causes detriment to federal lands they must compensate the government for the lost lands. The end of Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council remains to be told. The South Carolina Supreme Court ordered the state of South Carolina to purchase the two lots in question from David Lucas. The state then put the two lots on the market as residential sites. Perhaps the â€Å"courts should look beyond the public-interest rhetoric and examine the validity of the alleged public purpose† (Butler 7). This is the other side of regulatory takings. If the states are required to pay property owners millions of dollars for the land in question, are they going to be able to uphold the Acts and legislation that got them there? Locke†s natural rights seem to conflict over the regulatory taking of private property. The natural right to life appears to have precedent over the natural right to property according to the government†s actions in dealing with regulatory takings. The government says that the taking of the land is in the best interest of society, but rights of the individu! al are being overlooked. When the taking is free to the government, it appears to be a good plan of action for them. When the government must pay for their land, they weigh the pros and cons of their decisions a little more heavily. The Lucas case is full of precedents, good and bad, for both sides of the issue of regulatory takings.

Developmental Delays and Trauma Essay

Developmental delays is when your child does not reach their developmental milestones at the projected times. It is an ongoing major or minor delay in the course of development. Developmental delays can have many different causes. There are many types of Developmental delays in children; they include problems with language or speech, vision, movement (motor skills), social, emotional and cognitive skills (van der Kolk, 1995). Developmental delays are easily distinguished if you pay close attention to the development and milestone periods contained by children; for example if you notice a child having a low attention span, they can’t stay still, they’re highly active and energetic all the time, that’s perhaps due to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, known as ADHD. There are so many different things that can cause developmental delays and children aren’t always born with developmental delays. Although, developmental delays can be genetic or born with , there are times when trauma at different ages can cause developmental delays such as a child being abused and suffering brain trauma, concussion, which could cause memory lost. Or there could be an accident and a child or adult undergo serious injuries to the spine, eyes, etc. Spinal injuries can be of damage to you motor skills. Spinal injuries or brain injuries if serious can lead to you basically having to start over as if you were a baby learning to walk, read, jump, or talk. The Shaken baby syndrome also can be a trauma that can cause brain injuries. There are numerous of things that have major components to play in developmental delays. Trauma definitely plays a one of those major parts in developmental delays. There are a number of Trauma’s that can cause development delays. It doesn’t always have to be abuse or accidents. Trauma can be caused by divorce, neglect, bullying, sports injuries, or even bad relationship breaks up. These types of trauma are called psychological trauma. Psychological  traumas effects are mostly emotional and it isn’t always permanent. Psychological trauma causes anger, irritability; mood swings, guilt, hopeless, anxiety, withdrawing, and disconnected to name a few. For divorce, Feldman says (2011) ch ildren and adults may experience depression, and disturbances and phobias and these things last from 6 months up until 2 years. Feldman states children whose parents are divorcing blames themselves for the breakup. He also states, evidence shows that twice as many children of divorced parents enter psychological counseling (Feldman, 2011). Children under the age 18 suffer 40% more anxiety as a result of divorce (van der Kolk, 1995). About 10-15 percent of students are bullied one time or the other (Feldman, 2011) and almost 85% of girls and 80% of boys are being bullied (Feldman, 2011). Those who are bullied lack social skills, cry easy (Feldman, 2011), and they experience depression, stress, anger, etc. Prayer and meditation help brain activity. Mediation to the mind is like an aerobic exercise to the body. Studies have also shown that meditation promotes mindfulness, decreased stress, insomnia, illnesses, depression, anxiety and panic. Spiritual connection brings comfort and healing to trauma. Researchers are learning the parts of the brain that are responsible for the spiritual thoughts, prayer and meditation. In one of our presentations his week, Dr. Jeanne Brooks stated that we have a spir itual part in our brain (2014). There are good and bad parts to everyone, I believe the good part is the spiritual part in everyone. For example, we’ve all seen cartoons in which there was a devil on one shoulder and an angel on the other. The shoulder with the angel is the part of us, the part of our brain or conscious that’s spiritual. References Brooks, Jeanne Dr. â€Å"Divorce and Stress† video presentation. LUO (2014) Feldman, R.S. (2014). Development across the Life Span (7th edition) Namka,, L. (2001). Children who are traumatized by bullying. alk, Trust and Feel Therapeutics., p. 18. Van Der Kolk, an der Kolk, B. (1995). developmental trauma disorder : Towards a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories.

Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Europe - Essay Example Trading and buying products has always helped to fund Europe's economic development, and has allowed Europe to grow economically. The Greeks were the precursors to the Romans, and developed the Hellenistic culture after Alexander's conquering skills had brought Greek and Persia to helm. Rome later conquered Greece and venerated Greek culture as great. This respect cause Rome to share many of the same practices. Since Rome was the precursor to the European civilization, the respect for Greece flowed into Europe as time progressed, and Greece and Rome would be venerated as the cultures that started European civilization. 3. Discuss the differences between Northern and Southern Europe in terms of politics, economics, and social development. Do you see them as being very similar, somewhat similar, different, or quite different Why Northern and Southern Europe had somewhat of a different development overall. This could have a lot to do with climate as well as society. Politically, Southern Europe is usually considered more modern, although Northern Europe has certainly caught up with this impression. It can be stated that the North possibly had a slower development into modernization, but today both civilizations are fairly similar. Europe is a much olde... Europe has much more tradition in politics than the United States does. However, both have a focus on western civilizations and western political traditions that has to do with modernization and technology. The desire to take care of the world is at the foundation of both the US and Europe, bringing them together. 5. Do you think that Western Europe should be seen as one, unified region, sharing a common history, currency, and heritage, or does it make more sense to look at it as a mosaic of separate, unique entities that are only bound together by the landmass which they share Why I think that Europe can be seen as a unified region nowadays. Most Europeans speak several languages and understand each other's countries. Most Europeans wish to move toward a unionized concept-hence the creation of the European Union. The governments are democratic and fairly similar, as is the overall focus of the countries.

The theory of utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The theory of utilitarianism - Essay Example Utilitarianism theory is referred to by some as the consequentialist ethical theory. It is expressed in the form that asserts that people should always act so as to produce the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone. This has great appeal in the area of welfare economics and does not differ dramatically from the philosophies and beliefs of Keynes, Pareto, and Pigou; some might even include Marx in this category. The utilitarians believe that when choosing between two actions, the one that produces the greatest net happiness should be the one chosen. Where most of them disagree with one another is in the area of how this principle should be applied. There are also several stated weaknesses in this concept. It ignores actions that appear to be wrong in themselves; it espouses the concept that the end justifies the means; the principles may come into conflict with that of justice; and it is extremely difficult to formulate and establish satisfactory rules of application.Utilitarian ism manifests itself in two major forms. The stronger of the two is so-called act-utilitarianism. Under this system, the moral agent considers the consequences of only the action under consideration. The second system is called rule-utilitarianism. Here the moral agent considers a set of rules by which life should be lived. The basis of accepting or rejecting a rule is whether the consequences of everyone following the rule will result in the maximum probable good consequences. Rule-utilitarianism may be regarded as a weaker form of utilitarianism than act-utilitarianism.... Most professionals are already familiar with a system that acts very much like utilitarianism: cost/benefit analysis. In the cost/benefit system the manager attempts to balance the probable costs of taking a particular course of action with the probable benefits to be derived. Most people realize that cost/benefit analysis becomes more and more sticky as the analysis moves away from measurability in terms of dollars. Measurement of benefits has been particularly problematic. Writers on this subject have attempted to balance the costs of companies reporting on their adherence to social responsibility with the costs of not doing so. Bentham was classified in England as utilitarian with the application of hedonism on the social level; that is, happiness is the end of all human existence. He based his social reform on what he considered right and wrong, which in turn was developed from his definition of utility (Rosen 19). Utility was measured on a pain-happiness relationship, which was reduced to a common denominator: money. This reduction to the common factor of money was necessary because different people have different utility for the same item. Although his ideas were considered controversial at the time, they were later accepted by many, as can be seen in a recent study conducted by the American Council on Education of more than 200,000 students. The survey showed that more than three quarters of college freshmen now think that getting rich is what will make them happy and what life is all about. Twenty years ago, only 39 percent indicated that affluence was an essential goal; at that time, a "meaningful phi losophy of life" was what mattered -- a goal that now motivates only a minority of students (Rosen 21). Critics of utilitarianism

Hazardous waste management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Hazardous waste management - Essay Example This method focuses on asbestos management, and its use has become international right from Poland. The solution is based on reactor construction, which allows hazardous wastes to be utilized and subsequently managed. Essentially, this can be done in varying temperatures and notably extreme temperatures. The natural environment remains protected from unmanaged hazardous wastes. Alongside hazardous waste utilization, the MTT method of hazardous waste management allows valuable materials to be recovered (ATON-HT, 2013). This technological realization has enhanced the effectiveness and efficiency of waste management processes. Its primary focus on asbestos management covers a wide area of hazardous wastes. In the light of this and even more technological innovations relative to waste management, the underlying gap in handling of hazardous wastes seems to be shrinking. With MTT in place, polluted asbestos waste can still be utilized. Toxic substances that render asbestos waste hazardous can be contained through the MTT technology. ATON-HT. (2013). Hazardous waste management technology - MTT method (Microwave Thermal Treatment). Retrieved on March 17, 2013, from:

G&S Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

G&S - Research Paper Example This procedure for DNA forensic always begins at the scene where the crime has take place. Biological samples like saliva stain, blood remains, and semen samples are identified, collected, and transported to the laboratory for forensic laboratory analysis. There are instances where the DNA technique cannot be useful unless the investigators have found sufficient historical information on the suspect in check when a match is made in state or either national database (Balding, 2005). Once the lab analysis is complete with suspect’s analysis, the report is made available to investigators who must have some knowledge about the suspect in question. This is the situation where the law enforcer’s gets most challenging situation, as the DNA for the profile for the real offender may not be available for comparison with the materials recovered in the crime scene. Besides they have to ensure that they create an environment that ensures that, they obtain information from the suspects in a way that respect the privacy of those individuals (Butler, 2005). The federal law gives the FBI security sector the responsibility to administer and give support to the national DNA index system. Therefore, various states have enacted laws that ensure the DNA of convicted criminals is collected on specific crimes. This has made many states improve and expand the mandates involving the collection to include and retention of the offenders DNA’s samples after arrest (Butler, 2005). There has been gradual improvement forensic science of DNA as compared to traditional way where most DNA forensic was entirely based on scanning the fingerprints of the suspects that are left at the crime scenes. This traditional method entailed manual identification of fingerprints in absence of the suspects (Butler, 2012). This method was referee as cold searching. The method was slow, challenging and was not practical.

Human Resource Development at Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Development at Tesco - Case Study Example Tesco, a UK leader in the food retailing industry, was founded in 1924 by Sir Jack Cohen in London's East End. Today, it operates around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. In the UK, Tesco has opened 1878 stores which operate under Extra, Superstore, Metro, and Express trademarks. Tesco replaced Sainsbury and became #1 food retailer in the UK in the mid-1990s (www.tesco.com). Recent years apprenticeship becomes a very popular technique in different sectors of business in the UK. Apprenticeship programs are very effective as they benefit both employers and employees allowing young employees to acquire skills and knowledge during paid employment. To take part in this program a job seeker should: For Tesco branch, this program allows developing a high-skilled working staff employing young people who are eager to work hard and achieve a high position within the company. It will help to sustain a strong brand image and deliver better services to customers. For Tesco, this program ensures an adequate supply of staff who are technically and socially competent, and capable of career advancement into specialist departments or management positions. In this very case, training is, therefore, a key element of improved organizational performance as it increases the level of individual and organizational competence. It helps to reconcile the gap between what should happen and desire-targets and standards of performance; and what is happening and levels of work performance. The advantage of this program is that modern apprenticeship can be started at any time of the year (Modern Apprenticeships, 2006). Special attention should be paid for a contract for apprenticeship. Although this is to be seen as a contract of employment for the purpose of accumulating employment rights, it is a form of legally-binding working relationship that pre-dates all current legislative rights in employment, and the apprentice, therefore, has additional rights at common law relating to training. An employer cannot lawfully terminate an apprentice's contract before the agreed period of training is complete, unless there is closure or a fundamental change of activity in the business to justify redundancy. If Tesco trains people and continually ensures they have up-to-date knowledge and up-to-date skills, it follows that it shall able to compete effectively, and reasonably expect to prosper.

Applied Research Skills - E commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Applied Research Skills - E commerce - Essay Example In relation to customer relationship management (CRM), this study will first discuss e-commerce technology can be used in creating a good customer service followed by discussing how to use e-commerce in order to communicate effectively and be able to balance online and human interaction in order to maximize the clients’ trust and loyalty. Using e-commerce technology, the customer relationship management (CRM) combined with the use of e-loyalty programs help online businesses create a stronger long-term relationship with its target customers. Business-to-business (B2B) or e-biz is an effective tool in the exchange of products, services, and information between business and consumers. Over the years, B2B has proven to be very effective in closing business transactions between the business owner and the customers. According to a study that was published back in early 2000, the profitability of using B2B has exceeded the ‘e-tailing’ by 10 to 1% and is expected to have an annual growth of 41% over the next few years (Jones, 2001). In general, the tight competition web markets contribute to a lot of challenges in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and e-loyalty when it comes to maintaining brands online (Ragins & Greco, 2005). The most important challenge that online companies have is to build a solid customer loyalty rather than expanding the online channels of the company. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a ‘software’ that helps a business organization in managing its customers better (Anderson & Stang, 2000). CRM software enables the sales people and service representatives to have a quick access over the information related to the customers. This allows the sales force of the company to immediately provide the customers with a more customized service according to the customers’ needs regarding the products and services the business is offering

Success of Creation of Horror Movie Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Success of Creation of Horror Movie - Term Paper Example Extended Synopsis:   Michael Neigh (Neigh), an anthropologist, buys a surprise auction box. In the box is what appears to be an ancient Celtic book with a detailed diagram of a back door to another dimension through Stonehenge when the alignment of the crescent moon, Jupiter, and Venus happens once every thousand years.   Neigh has recruited his friend, Franklin, to go to Stonehenge with him.   They are joined by Sheila, the curator for Stonehenge, who won’t let them go without her.   Sheila is the first through the â€Å"door†, Franklin is second, and Neigh is third.   Once in the next dimension, Franklin and Neigh find that time between the entry of three has been delayed, and Sheila, who was first through the door, has been slaughtered, her bloody remains hanging in a clearing not far from where Franklin and Neigh enter the dimension.   Throughout the film, the creature that cannibalized Sheila is never seen.   We are aware of the creature by his heavy, labored, snotty sounding breathing as he chases Neigh and Franklin through the forest.   The creature has the personality of a cat playing with his â€Å"catch.†Ã‚   The film relies on the unseen horror of the creature – however it is manifested in the mind of the viewer based on the creature’s sound effects.   The idea is not to make the sound effects as loud, as they are scary – what kind of sounds can the film team create for the creature to scare the daylights out of the audience.   Franklin and Neigh have to employ survival techniques as they look for the way out of the violent dimension.   They are rescued by Neigh’s girlfriend, who finds a missing page to the ancient book.   Armed in a Nora Croft-like fashion, she has only hours left before the back door closes to rescue her boyfriend and Franklin. Summarise what your film is about:   This film is about horror, unseen horror, building up the suspense of the horror in the mind of the viewer.

Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media - Research Paper Example Illustrative of this changing landscape are the 2004 presidential election campaigns. The top Democratic and Republican candidates were John Kerry and George W. Bush. Some of the key issues on which the campaigns turned included: the invasion on Iraq and generally the war on terror and defense issues, gay marriages, abortion, health, environmental issues, education, budget, trade and issues of gun control. It is on these controversial issues that voters divided between both the Republican and Democratic camps. It is mainly on media, specifically ad campaigning that opponents communicate ideas to the populace and it has proved instrumental in influencing voting patterns, voter turnout and even tipping the vote in tight races the main focus being in battleground states. The race between Bush and Kerry was so close that many issues were predicted to be likely to tip on the balance. One of these was television ad campaigns. The amount of financial resources spent was staggering. In 2004, with fifty sponsors, the Republicans having nineteen and Democrats the rest, hundreds of ads were aired up to over 670, 000 times in prime markets and on cable. Over $ 550, 000 was spent by these sources. Swift boating or shadowing can also be a function of election advertising campaigns; analogous to smear campaigns, these are attacks on an opponent’s credibility and patriotism. ... The Bush-Kerry race was a competitive one and one in which commercials were a dominant and decisive feature. The unprecedented amount spent on the 2004 election ad campaigns is one of its distinctive features. The second was that it commenced earlier than had been witnessed before, on March 4th and third was the record set by outsiders, non-candidate groups for example the SBVT, a veteran group which felt itself bound to step forward to apparently correct Kerry’s ‘exaggerated’ claims about his service in Vietnam. An anonymous source is of the view that while investigations into the effects of political ad campaigns hasn’t been proven to improve voter turnout or set the pace for the discussion of issues or other agenda they are widely agreed to affect a voter’s choice, stimulate interest in the election, help change perceptions about a candidate and generally increase knowledge on issues and policy. Candidates in election ads can acclaim defend or att ack. Research according to Gallup & Newport shows that attacks on policy rather than the character or person are more effective. There are two major ads that can prove the statistics right. Kerry's "fought for his country" ad and George Bush's "100 days" ad are perfect examples of what electoral electioneering encompasses. â€Å"Fought for his country†- John Kerry The words spoken are in normal print whereas the music is italicized and the images are in prentices. The ad opens with a three way split-screen. As the announcer begins on Kerry’s history and soft music starts in the background and piano strokes continue throughout the whole commercial. Its upbeat music that progressively increases in tempo and pitch throughout the

How My Brother Leon Brough Home a Wife Essay Example for Free

How My Brother Leon Brough Home a Wife Essay Baldo and his brother Leon waiting for the arrival of their visitor riding the carretella. Seeing his brother’s wife, Baldo was easily taken away by the beauty of Maria. Baldo describe Maria as lovely girl, tall, have a long nails and fragrant like a morning when papayas are in bloom. When they got home, Leon asks her mother quickly if where is their father. The father calls Baldo to ask some question when they went home. Baldo tell everything. Conclusion The story How _My Brother Leon Brought Home A Wife, _is the common story of some people when they get living and find their independency to living. Somehow, the story can tell that it is from the true story or a non-fiction. It tells the differences of two places, the Barrio Nagrebcan of Bauang La Union and Manila, the province and the city. In City there’s people noises, polluted surrounding, many houses and cars while in the province you’ve only seen some houses and wide fields. The differences also on the traditional names and modern ones like â€Å"Maria† can be â€Å"Mayang† or â€Å"Maring†. In characters, Baldo was amazed to the beauty of Maria, and felt some envy to his brother to have her. He describes Maria like as the most beautiful woman he met. But he’s think also if what his father feels when he see Maria. Leon, feels like comfortable and confidence on what will be the reaction of his father. He told to maria the gis father is an OGRE. The word ogre is a symbolism. It symbolizes what Maria’s thoughts to Leon’s father.

How Photography And Photojournalism Has Been Transformed Media Essay

How Photography And Photojournalism Has Been Transformed Media Essay Visual culture and its relationship with photographic image have developed alongside technology, production and culture. Over the last decade digital technology has changed the way in which we percieve the photographic image and transform its ability to report and produce the knowledge of representation. Digital images differ from analog photographic images in ways that affect how they look, the ways in which they are generated, stored and disturted, and the types of technical devices (digital cameras, mobile phones, computers, ipods, websites, etc.) on which they can be created and displayed.Yet there are many similar ways in which digital images are used as analog photographic images were; as forms of personal expression, for family albums, and as documentary evidence. Although, analog cameras produce images that must be processed and developed, digital cameras allow the photographer to see the image on the camera immediately after the take, allowing even more instantaneous pleasur e. The most widely discussed difference between conventional and digital photography concerns what happens after the take and before the print is produced. Digital technology has transformed photography, allowing anyone with a digital camera, a computer, and a cable to download images not only to print them out as they are but also to copy them into programs in which they can be edited, enhanced, corrected and manipulated to alter composition, colour, framing and combinations of elements and scenes. In digital programs such as Adobe Photoshop, it is easy to be creative as its digitally techniques have made it possible to build on this ability to artifically construct realism. Until the 1990s tools for the manipulation of the analog photograph remained restricted to the commercial and fine art photographer. Commercial photographers often used airbrushing and other professional techniques to tidy up, modify and combined their photographs. Today, these techniques are now common practice, to have personal photographs digitally reconfigured, to remove relatives out of birthday pictures, for instance or to erase ex- best friends or boyfriends from treasued images. In many cases, this kind of playing with the historical record is realively harmless. By the end of the 20th century, digital imaging and processing and computer- based techniques had made it possible to manipulate images in many ways, creating revolutionary changes in photography. What changed with digital photographs is not the ability to manipulate the image but the wide availabily and accsessibility of these techniques to the consumer, making not just image production but also image reproduction and alteration an everyday aspect of consumer experience. The way in which images are displayed has also changed. Before collecting your prints at a parmacy may have included a duplicate set to give to a family member that could be cherished along with the original in the family album. Now the album exisits in the form of muliple duplicate disks that can be sent to family member worldwide via e-mail, all of them of equal quality. They can also be accessed through websites set up privately thus the family photo album has moved online making it much more accessible to the public than ever before. What the purpose of a photograph use to be convey realsim, proof and evidence. Throughout its history, photography has been asscoiated with realism and truth. (talk a little bit about evidence and proof). As critic Marita Sturken notes, a photograph is often percieved to be an unmediated copy of the real world, a trace of reality skimmed off the very surface of life, and evidence of the real, (Practices of looking an introduction to visual culture) however this no longer seems to be the case. As Geoffrey Bathen argues that although all forms of photography involve intervention and some manipulation, digitalization abandons even the rhetoric of truth that has been such an important part of photographys cultural success. However, Bathen also argues that digitalization loses credibility because it strips an image of its indexicality. There can be no guarantee that the digital image existed in a real time and space. () Peirces concept of the indexical quality of signs suggests a way to understand the changes taking place with digital technology. As already noted, the power of the anolg photograph is derived largely from its indexical qualities. The camera has coexisted in physical space with the real that it has photographed. Many digital images and all simulations lack this indexical relationship to what they represent. For example, an image generated exclusively by computer graphics software can be made to appear to be a photograph of actual objects, places or people, when in fact it is a simulation, that is that it does not represent something in the real world. The difference resides in the fact that the process of producing a digital image does not require that the subject (the object, person or space) is present or that the subject even exisits. Digital simulations of photographs imitate photographs of real occurence. For instance, an image in which people are digitally inserted into a landsc ape where they have never been does not refer to something that has been. While the acknowledged manipulation of photographs has always been a cause of concern for some, theses worries appear to have increased dramatically with the advent of digital techniques. This Technology has undermined the nature and meaning of images as representation. Images and photography is now more than ever open to non-detectable transformation and manipulation. What was once trusted as reality can now be altered and edited. The activity of photography together with digital technology is transforming our contemporary visual culture. This raises the question of what happens to the idea of photographic truth when an image looks like a photograph but has in fact been created on a computer with no camera at all. In Peirces terms, this marks a fundemental shift in meaning from the photograph to the digital image, as we take these computer generated images to resemble real life subjects. While the knowledged manipulation of photographs has always been a cause of concerm for some, these worries appear to have increased dramatically with the advent of digital techniques. Frequently, these worries centre on issues of truth and reality. For example a century and a half ago photographs relieved paintings of the burden of recording reality; now in turn, computers have weakened photographys claim on depicting the real world. For all of computers extraordinary precision, their impact in news photography has been to obscure the boundaries of fact and fiction, in other words, to blur. (Leslie 1995;113) Questions of the verifiability and manipulation of images takes on a particular importance in the context of photojournalism and documentary photography. There are very high stakes in the news industry in certain ethical codes of truth telling. These include, the idea that photographic news images are realistic and unmanipulated. In other words, as viewers we assume that the photographs that are presented in the mainstream newspapers and news journals are unaltered. When a photograph is introduced as documentary evidence, it is often presented as if it were incontrovertible proof that an event took place in a particular way and in a particular place. As such, it is percieved to speak the truth in a direct way. (talk about the credibility decreasing at least 50 words) Discovery that a news orginzation has altered an image can spark scandal and debate, such as the debate over Time magazines cover of O.J Simpson when he was arrested and charged with murder. Time magazine heightened the contrast and darkened the skin tone of the O.J mug shot to create a more sinster look. Time followed the historical convention of using darker skin tones to connote evil and to imply guilt. However Time magazines argued that the cover was not manipulated, but rather illustrated. () It is here where images that have been altetered or reranged to generate a certain meaning and to ultimately persuade a particular point of view and an emotional response, where the lines between fact and fiction become blurred. (talk abit how views how images like this anger the public as it tricks them because most manipulations remain indected and how because of this these images are eroding the publics trust and the media credibility) talk a little bit about/ how because of technology w e as views can detect obvious forms of manipulation however The trust in the image as a representation of reality has been degraded part because of the overload of images in the world around us but also with a greater and more widespread knowledge about the image as something produced in contrast to a reflection. However, despite this most critics agree that photography is accepted by the public as believeable, People believe photographs, Coleman wrote in 1976 (Coleman, The directorial mode: Notes Toward a definition, in Light Readings, p248. and Andy Grundberg reiterated the point that photography is the most stylistically transparent of the visual arts, able to represent things in convincing persepective and seamless detail. Never, mind that advertising has taught us that photographic images can be marvelous tricksters: what we see in a photograph is often mistaken for the real thing. (Andy Grunberg, blaming a medium for its message, New York Times, Arts and Leisure section, Au gust 6, 1989, P1. No matter how much manipulation went into the taking or development of a picture, the viewer feels assured that the photograph documents truth. In how to do things with pictures, William Mitchell, says that the fact that what is represented on paper undeeniably existed, if only for a moment, is the ultimate source of the mediumss extraordinary powers of persuasion. Does this mean phptpgraphic truth is at an end? One notion/ arguement is to suggest that photography as we know it (active witness) has changed as a result to digitalization, so much so that truth within photography is becoming non-exsitent. Critic Nicholas Mirzoeff, goes as far as to say Photography met its own death some time in the 1980s at the hands of computer imaging. Although, another arguement is to suggest it never exsited to begin with. Many people think the manipulation of images started with the invention of Photoshop, however photography has always been altered, long before the digital age, in the sense that the creation of an image through a camera lens has always involved some degree of subjective choice through selection, framing (what to include and what to reject) and personalization. Some types of image recording seems to take place without human invention. In surveillance videos, for instance, no one stands behind the lens to determine what and how any particular event should be shot. Yet even in surveillance video, someone has programmed the camera to record a particular part of space and to frame that space in a particular way. (and what one persons reality is, another might not be) Another is to suggest that digital technology has imerged photography into an art form, as digital images are being cropped and adjusted on a daily basis to create more aesthically pleasing images, streering away from the contentional appearance of optical reality, thus making it an expressive piece of fiction rather than historical evidence. As Susan Sontag states in her 1977 book, On Photography, the photographer is not simply the person who records the past, but the one who invents it. Spanish Photographer and critic Joan Fontcuberta alsoo noted that because the computer has become a sophisticated technological prothesis we cannot do without. This also suggest that because digital technology has become so accessible and easy to use, editing images has become second nature, that is to say it is essental to correct images once that have been uploaded, in order to percieve the perfection that photographers and amauture photographers desire. Altough it has been estabishlished that computers can compile data and create pictures that mimic the appearance of the world without capturing any visual information from optical reality, such as films and computer games. Most digitally modified pictures are processed in oder to make them look more real and thereby conveys a sense of truth. we cant do without digital imaging- small touch ups like cropping and adjust light and colours could generate new meaning to the image, thus making it an expressive piece of fiction rather than historical evidence. Conclusion 400 words There are numerous examples of controversies over the manipulation of images to produce more aestheically pleasing documentary images. For instance (Opera Winfery) By exploiting the use of digital manipulation tools, journalists are abusing their power as representors of truth. Altough manipulation is not rare to digital imaging, it could be argued that but the technology makes composing easier to do and harder to detect thus creating a blur In the context of of digital imaging, with its increased capacity to change images in seamless and realistic ways, can the idea of photographs as unmanipulated evidence survive? Bathen theorizes that the perceived manipulability of digital photography will upset photographyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s association with objectivity. For the first time, the issue of a à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"fake,à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  a non-authentic, photograph is discussed. Regardless of what viewers think about the nature of photography, most critics agree that photography is accepted by the public as believeable, People believe photographs, Coleman wrote in 1976 (Coleman, The directorial mode: Notes Toward a definition, in Light Readings, p248. and Andy Grundberg reiterated the point that photography is the most stylistically transparent of the visual arts, able to represent things in convincing persepective and seamless detail. Never, mind that advertising has taught us that photographic images can be marvelous tricksters: what we see in a photograph is often mistaken for the real thing. (Andy Grunberg, blaming a medium for its message, New York Times, Arts and Leisure section, August 6, 1989, P1. No matter how much manipulation went into the taking or development of the a picture, the viewer feels assured that the photograph documents truth. In how to do things with pictures, William Mitchell, says that the fact that what is represented on paper undeeniably existed, if only for a moment, is the ultimate source of the mediumss extraordinary powers of persuasion. With most media related images being manipulated, to ultimately persuade the viewers to a particular point of view. The audience is generally unaware of the alterations, creating a blurring of the truth. The debate has brought forward larger questions about the notions of objectivity that are attached to images published in journalistic contexts. Manipulation techniques have continued to proliferate and are now the norm in digital photography, chipping away at the photographic conventions that previously were associated with truth in photojournalism. The trust in the image as a representation of reality has been degraded part because of the overload of images in the world around us but also with a greater and more widespread knowledge about the image as something produced in contrast to a reflection With easy to use tools that can immediately alter images to create a manipulated copy, causing truth to become a manufactured entity. With most media related images being manipulated, to ultimately persuade the viewers to a particular point of view. The audience is generally unaware of the alterations, creating a blurring of the truth. No matter how much manipulation went into the taking or development of the a picture, the viewer feels assured that the photograph documents truth. In how to do things with pictures, William Mitchell, says that the fact that what is represented on paper undeeniably existed, if only for a moment, is the ultimate source of the mediumss extraordinary powers of persuasion. one assumption is to consider that reality in the photo imagery is becoming non-exisitent, with most media related images being manipulated, to ultimately persuade the viewers to a particular point of view. The audience is generally unaware of the alterations, creating a blurring of the truth. the arguement made by critic Nicholas Mirzoeff that is that Photography met its own death some time in the 1980s at the hands of computer imaging. Death of photography and what it once stood for. This raises the question of what happens to the idea of photographic truth when an image looks like a photograph but has in fact been created on a computer with no camera at all. Many people think the manipulation of images started with the invention of Photoshop, however photography has always been altered, long before the digital age, in the sense that the creation of an image through a camera lens has always involved some degree of subjective choice through selection, framing and personalization. Some types of image recording seems to take place without human invention. In surveillance videos, for instance, no one stands behind the lens to determine what and how any particular event should be shot. Yet even in surveillance video, someone has programmed the camera to record a particular part of space and to frame that space in a particular way. How digital technology has become apart of our everyday lives- how we can not do without it As Spanish photographer and critic Joan Fontcuberta noted the computer has become a sophisticated technological prosthesis we can not do without. How images today have become more asthetically pleasing rather than historical evidence or proof With photographers interpreting what it is they see in a myriad of ways, by making simple asthetic choices such as a camera lens always involves some degree of subjective choice through selection, framing and personalisation. by making simple asthetic choices such as .. focal, lens objectivity even with survillance cameras every image is manipulated to some extent. Manipultaion is not rare to digital imaging, but the technology makes composing easier to do and harder to detect. Since the dramatic growth of communications since the 1990s, technologies such as satellites, the internet and virtual reality seen photographs and images seamlessly modified to produce new and morally questionable representations. Widespread use of digital imaging techologies since the 1990s has dramatically altered the status of the photograph relative to truth claims, While the knowledged manipulation of photographs has always been a cause of concerm for some, these worries appear to have increased dramatically with the advent of digital techniques. Frequently, these worries centre on issues of truth and reality. For example a century and a half ago photographs relieved paintings of the burden of recording reality; now in turn, computers have weakened photographys claim on depicting the real world. For all of computers extraordinary precision, their impact in news photography has been to obscure the boundaries of fact and fiction, in other words, to blur. (Leslie 1995;113) (insert footnote) So does this mean photographic truth is at an end? or did it ever exisit? (main body of text- argue) With the increase of digital technology used to retouch and clean up images on a daily basis it could be considered that photographs no longer represent a window of reality or documentary evidence but are instead decorative piece of fantasy and fiction. Conclusion What changed with the digital photograph is not the ability to manipulate the image but the wide availability and accessibility of these techniques to the consumer, making not just image production but also image reproduction and alteration an everyday aspect of consumer experience. The capacity for manipulation and multiple contextualization is not new, of course, with the digital photograph. It has always been possible to fake realism in photographs. Photographic prints and negatives have been physically altered since the beginning of photography. At time this has been for aesthetic effect, or for political or social reasons. While some early photographic manipulation had the aim of enhancing the seeming truthlikeness of the image, other examples appear purely decorative. For years, photographers have retouched both negatives and prints in darkrooms, removing speckles and dust or hiding blemishes on the faces of subjects. Points and arguements The possiblilties of digital imaging are endless, for example, the unique and cherished old photograph of our great grandfather at age five, fading and crumbling in the family album, becomes a bit less difficult to lose when it hasw been preserved in a copy that will not erode over time and will not decrease the quality with copying as a photographic original would. While the acknowledged manipulation of photographs has been a cause of concern for some, these worries appear to have increased dramatically with the advent of digital techniques. Frequently, these worries centre on issues of truth and reality. For instance a century and a half ago photographs relieved paintings of the burden of recording reality; now, in turn, computers have weakened photographs claim on depicting the real world. For all of computers extraordinary precision , their impact in news photography has been to obscure the boundaries of fact and fiction. In other words, to blur. (Leslie:1995;113) Most critics agree that photography is accepted by the public as believeable. People believe photographs, Coleman wrote in 1976 (Coleman, The directorial mode: Notes Toward a definition, in Light Readings, p248. and Andy Grundberg reiterated the piont that photography is the most stylistically transparent of the visual arts, able to represent things in convincing persepective and seamless detail. Never, mind that advertising has taught us that photographic images can be marvelous tricksters: what we see in a photograph is often mistaken for the real thing. (Andy Grunberg, blaming a medium for its message, New York Times, Arts and Leisure section, August 6, 1989, P1. People have inhertited a cultural tendency to see through the photograph to what is photographed and to forget that the photograph is an artifact, made by a human. Photographers are well aware of the aura of credibility the photograph has that other media representations do not share. Jacob Riss and Lewis Hine, for example, wrote and made photographs in the cause of social refoem and knowingly used the medium of photography to give their writing more credibility. Hine stated, the average person believes implicitly that the photograph cannot falsify, but he was quick to add, you and I know that while photographs may not lie, liars may photograph. (Lewis Hine, Social photography , How the Camera May in the Social Uplift, in Classic Essays, P 111. FIT THIS IN SOMEWHERE USE THIS!!! Critic Nicholas Mirzoeff declared that photography met its own death some time in the 1980 at the hands of computer imaging. ()8 Likewise, Williams J. Mitchell too backed Mirzeff claim by announcing that from this moment on, photography is dead or more precisely, radically and permanently redefined as was painting one hundred and fifty years before. ()9 Spanish photographer and critic Joan Fonctcuberta also noted that, because the computer has become a sophisticated technological prosthesis we cannot do without. Moreover, all photography has been altered in the sense that the camera frames and focuses on a chosen subject, thus eliminating other topics. (talk about objectivity here and how every image is altered beacuse of this even surviallance) Photographs are treated as active witnesses

The Child?s Hidden Tiger Essay -- essays research papers

The Child’s Hidden Tiger In the short story The Child by Tiger, Thomas Wolfe portrays mans dark side through the unexpected madness of the seemingly good-natured Dick Prosser and the actions taken by the town people. This story is set in an era when people believed race determined the moral character of a person. Many viewed blacks as social outcast and hence the cause of most crimes. This is true to the extent that African Americans were committing a large number of petty crimes, but were they really the cause. Many factors play into determining a cause, and in this case it is quite evident that the social conditions in which African Americans were forced to live in contributed to there social behavior. However, can these pressures push a man to mental madness and drive him towards mass murder? It is not just to say that he is without fault, but it is true to say that, the coldness of one man will decrease the warmth of another. The story gives us a glimpse of Dick’s life a short period before the cl imax. We are left to probe clues and use our imagination and intuition to come to a personal conclusion of why Dick committed mass murder. The time in which the story takes place was a period of severe racial discrimination especially toward Blacks. The most prevalent attitude toward African Americans was that they were somehow inferior to the whites. This is evident by the referral of Dick as the â€Å"Shepperton’s Negro man† (Wolfe 24). â€Å"Mr. Shepperton himself Arellano 2 declared ... The Child?s Hidden Tiger Essay -- essays research papers The Child’s Hidden Tiger In the short story The Child by Tiger, Thomas Wolfe portrays mans dark side through the unexpected madness of the seemingly good-natured Dick Prosser and the actions taken by the town people. This story is set in an era when people believed race determined the moral character of a person. Many viewed blacks as social outcast and hence the cause of most crimes. This is true to the extent that African Americans were committing a large number of petty crimes, but were they really the cause. Many factors play into determining a cause, and in this case it is quite evident that the social conditions in which African Americans were forced to live in contributed to there social behavior. However, can these pressures push a man to mental madness and drive him towards mass murder? It is not just to say that he is without fault, but it is true to say that, the coldness of one man will decrease the warmth of another. The story gives us a glimpse of Dick’s life a short period before the cl imax. We are left to probe clues and use our imagination and intuition to come to a personal conclusion of why Dick committed mass murder. The time in which the story takes place was a period of severe racial discrimination especially toward Blacks. The most prevalent attitude toward African Americans was that they were somehow inferior to the whites. This is evident by the referral of Dick as the â€Å"Shepperton’s Negro man† (Wolfe 24). â€Å"Mr. Shepperton himself Arellano 2 declared ...

The Sound of Music Essay -- Film Musicals Movies

The Sound of Music In 1965 Robert Wise presented the world with his smashing box office hit film, The Sound of Music. Over time it has become known as one of the most loved and well-known musicals of all time. Shortly after its release it won many Academy awards: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Sound, Best Adapted Score, Best Film Editing, Best Film-Musical, Best Color Cinematography, and Best Costume design (Freiden par3). The movie is based upon the true story of the VonTrapp family and allows its audience to relive their family experience as well as their flight from Nazism just before the outbreak of World War Two. So why is it that even today, The Sound of Music is still the "most popular movie-musical ever made?" (20th Century Fox). The musical film presented a sound that "inspired a generation," giving them romance, longing and love. (20th Century Fox). However, there is certainly more than meets the eye to this 1965 American production of Austria's VonTrapp family. By taking a closer look at the movie we find that, not only did this smashing box office hit present us with a classic tale of romance and adventure, but it also inadvertently challenged us to wonder if The Sound of Music was Austria’s chance to exonerate itself from its past involvement in Nazism. In order to question whether or not this movie is an opportunity for Austria to exonerate itself, we first need to understand how the movie creates an Americanized image of Austria's role in Nazism. An American audience will most certainly be affected by this movie in a different way than will a German or Austrian audience who have been personally involved in will. Because most Americans are not personally attached to ... ...s/sound-of-music.html>. Gruber, Ruth E. â€Å"Viennese Warily Confront Austria’s role in World War II.† The Jewish Bulletin. 1996. San Francisco Jewish Community Publications Inc. 11 November 2001. <http://www.jewishsf.com>. Perez, R.H. â€Å"Timebase 1938.† Humanitas International. 2001. 5 November 2001. <http://humanitas-international.org/showcase/chronography/timebase/1938tbse.htm>. Starkman, Ruth A. â€Å"American Imperialism or Local Protectionism? The Sound of Music (1965) Fails in Germany and Austria.† Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 20 (1997): 63. MAS ULTRA- School Edition. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 30 October 2001. Webster, Brian. â€Å"Review—The Sound of Music.† Apollo Guide. 2000. Apollo Communications Ltd. 10 October 2001. <http://www.apolloguide.com>. 2oth Century Fox. The Sound of Music. 1965. 9 November 2001.

Informed Consent Essay -- Medical Care

Informed consent is the basis for all legal and moral aspects of a patient’s autonomy. Implied consent is when you and your physician interact in which the consent is assumed, such as in a physical exam by your doctor. Written consent is a more extensive form in which it mostly applies when there is testing or experiments involved over a period of time. The long process is making sure the patient properly understands the risk and benefits that could possible happen during and after the treatment. As a physician, he must respect the patient’s autonomy. For a patient to be an autonomous agent, he must have legitimate moral values. The patient has all the rights to his medical health and conditions that arise. When considering informed consent, the patient must be aware and should be able to give a voluntary consent for the treatment and testing without being coerced, even if coercion is very little. Being coerced into giving consent is not voluntary because other s people’s opinions account for part of his decision. Prisoners and the poor population are two areas where coercion is found the most when giving consent. Terminally ill patients also give consent in hope of recovering from their illness. Although the possibilities are slim of having a successful recovery, they proceed with the research with the expectation of having a positive outcome. Although the physician provides adequate information to his patient, how can he ensure that his patient properly knows everything and is capable of making the decision? Prisoners and the poor population are simply two groups that are easily coerced into giving consent to medical research. Although prisoners give consent, I don’t believe many are voluntarily giving consent, but... ...on from your patient that could possible alter his decision. The patient should have rights to know all information and statistics about the doctor and the success rate of all treatment options revealed. The information, in which, the doctor reveals or does not reveal fall under the category of reasonable clinician standard. Reasonable clinician standard is inconsistent with informed consent because the focus is on the physician rather than the patient’s best interest. Works Cited Davis, John K. "Precedent Autonomy and Subsequent Consent." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 40.3 (2004): 267-91. Gert, Heather. "Avoiding Surprises: A Model for Informing Patients." The Hastings Center Reports 32.5 (2002): 23-32. Nelson, Robert, and Jon Merz. "Voluntariness of Consent for Research: An Empirical and Conceptual Review." Medical Care 40.9 (2002): 69-80.

How We Punish Offenders in Our System

Our correctional system punishes offenders, by putting them in jail, or in prison. In the early times, before prisons punishments were often cruel and torturous. The unsettling description of a man broken in half on a rack in the early 1700’s is just one of the ways crimes were punished at that time. Flogging was another. The last flogging was in Delaware on June 16,1952. When a burglar got 20 lashes. Workhouses, were an early form of prisons in the sixteenth century Europe. The Penitentiary Era, from 1790-1825, is when the first prison was started in the USA. They started with the Quakers in Philadelphia. The mass prison era started in the 1800’s and has gotten stronger today, beginning in the 1960’s overcrowding and a renewed faith in humanity inspired a movement away from institutionalized corrections and toward a creation of reformation within local communities. Prisons today, there are about 1,325 state prisons, 84, federal prisons in operation in the US. Today. America’s prison population has quadrupled since 1980. We also punish people by putting them in halfway houses, or group homes. The Federal Prison system is used for the civilians convicted of violating federal laws. Leavenworth, in Leavenworth Kansas. Today the federal systems consist of 103 institutions, six regional offices, two staff training centers, and 28 community corrections offices. Jails are another way of punishing the criminal. We can put them in a jail and hold them up to one year, before they either, get probation, or go on to a prison.

Bandwagon and Snob Effect

Write an essay on topic â€Å"Bandwagon and Snob Effect†. Find an example for both effects, describe situation and explain reasons for such effects. In The Theory of Consumers’ Demand, there are three importants and different items: the Bandwagon , Snob and Veblen Effects. Today we will discuss just about the Bandwagon and Snob Effect. Faced with a new need, the consumer is confronted with a choice: to purchase or not this good or service, depending on its value, its usefulness, its attributes and operation consequences.But consumer choice will also be affected by his social environment. Specifically, scarce products are generally deemed valuable, independent of the utility that their attributes deliver. This effect has been found in several studies, and we can identify two distinct routes through which scarcity can increase product choice. A person’s demand may be affected by the number of other people who have purchased the good. If this is the case, a network externality exists and can be positive or negatives.A positive network externality exists if the quantity of a good demanded by a consumer increases in response to an increase in purchases by other consumers. And negative network are just the opposite. * The first way examines scarcity due to high demand. Consumers see that others have bought the product, and this may induce them to follow that behavior. Consumers may also extract information about the value of a product from the buying behavior of others. When consumers are unsure about the value of products, information on the valuation of others can help refine their own valuations.Therefore, scarcity due to excess demand increases inferences of product popularity and quality. This is the bandwagon effect, the desire to be in style, to have a good because almost everyone else has it, or to indulge in a fad. This is the major objective of marketing and advertising campaigns ( cf toys, clothes .. ) For example, the influence of foo tball players on the young men ( shoes, haircut, attitude ). * If the network externality is negative, a snob effects exists. The econd route concerns scarcity due to insufficient supply, where product exclusiveness leads to generalization of product quality. Consumers value the exclusivity of possessing rare products, and may see these products as a means to emphasize their uniqueness. Being one of the few who own a particular product may increase the product utility. It refers to the desire to own exclusive or unique goods. The quantity demanded of a â€Å"snob† good is higher the fewer the people who own it. For instance, the luxury goods as Rolex watches and long lines at the ski lift.To finish, we can say that the bandwagon and snob effects are two opposites cases , the first refer to the extent to which the demand for a commodity is increased due to the fact that others are also consuming the same commodity. In this case, we appear to be â€Å"one of the boys. † This is some form of integration and sociability And the second effect refer to the extent to which the demand for a consumers' good is decreased owing to the fact that others are also consuming the same commodity, so this represents the desire of people to be exclusive, but it can be dangerous to the person, since it is a kind of isolation.

Effects of Slavery Essay

Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobson both write their compelling stories on what life was like as slaves during 19th century America. Both narratives define the harsh life of slavery and the unforgiving effects that occurred during their time as slaves. In the same way, both stories reveal the theme of the evils of slavery but also given their different gender roles, their experiences are completely different from one another. While both Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobson’s Narratives undergo the corrupt power of slavery in 19th century America and were able to escape, the role of gender in society largely acts as a variance within these two stories. Both Frederick and Jacobs were born into slavery; Frederick’s father most likely being his master, and Jacobs being lucky enough to have both of her parents. Though Jacobs had a safe and guarded childhood, after her parents died she began to see the cruelness of slavery. Frederick learns the evils of slavery earlier on in his life when he witnesses his aunt being horribly beaten by his slave owner. (Notes, 2013) Both characters express their deep hatred for slavery through their narrative themes. In Jacob’s narrative she argues that slavery destroys the standards of slave holders, practically without exception. Jacob describes her feeling when she realizes Dr. Flint has total control over her, â€Å"When he told me that I was made for his use, made to obey his command in everything; that I was nothing but a slave, whose will must and should surrender to his, never before had my puny arm felt half so strong.† (Jacobs, Life as a Slave Girl, IV) Through this, she feels empowered to rebel against him in acts that later shape her life. Jacobs has a strong hatred to slavery that she shows through her rebelliousness and the chances she takes. Douglass shows his hatred for slavery through his descriptive writing. For instance, he shows his intelligence by simply writing the narrative sho wing people that he is no animal but an accomplished human being. The fact that he used his real name in his narrative shows his strength against slavery. Douglass believed he was entitled to be treated like a human being and was enraged that he wasn’t treated as such. The physiological abuse slaves went through was unimaginable. When Douglass was given to Edward Covey he was to be â€Å"broken.† Covey took joy in breaking down his slaves until they weren’t â€Å"human† anymore. His job was to take all of the â€Å"life† and joy out of a slave’s life so all they know is work. Douglass states that his, â€Å" natural elasticity was crushed, [his] intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about [his] eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon [him]; and behold a man transformed into a brute!† (Douglass, X) Through this quote, one is able to see that he was broken by slavery, and turned into an animal. Jacobs abuse is similar to Douglass’s ex perience with physiological when she realizes that Dr. Flint owns her body. She is tormented by him at any time, as he frequently gets her alone. She is stuck in her situation because she can’t tell anyone to make Dr. Flint stop. She points out that slaves are given no reason to develop a strong moral sense, as they are given no ownership of their own body or final control over any of their actions. Both characters go through a time in their life when a master has â€Å"broken† them physiologically, makes them believe they are less than human. Both characters describe their childhood in completely different ways. Douglass explains the system that slave owners used to â€Å"make a slave.† By cutting off ties with ones parents, especially maternal caring, they are unable to grasp the concept of love and kinship, thus making them more as animals then people. Douglass explains that he never, â€Å"enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tend er and watchful care, I received the tidings of [my mother’s] death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger.† (Douglass, I) Douglass’s used adjectives like â€Å"soothing† to reinvent the childhood he could have had if he would’ve had his mother in his life. Douglass was robbed of his childhood by the wickedness of slavery and his attitude towards that is shown through his descriptive writing. Jacobs had a very different childhood then Douglass. Jacob’s had a somewhat normal childhood for a slave. Jacob’s was fortunate enough to have both of her parents in her life as well as a brother for amount of time. She was not a victim of being separated from her parents like Douglass. She was also privileged enough to be ignorant of what she had been born into. After her mother’s death, she is taken to her mother’s mistress who teaches her sew, read and write. Though both characters are b orn into slavery, they lead completely different childhoods. Gender dictates the working rolls Douglass and Jacobs were assigned in their time as slaves. Jacob’s was again fortunate to be doing house work as a young girl, most of her time as a slave she acted as a house maid. By being a women Jacob’s wasn’t easily subjected to working a hard day in the field, though field work was in her future when Mr. Flint vengefully sends Jacobs to his plantation. Though she was to work in the fields, such work was only assigned by Mr. Flints feeling towards her having an affair with Mr. Sands. Douglass being a man was subject to much harsher work than Jacobs. Douglass was exposed to hardened slave masters who were cruel to him, and was given harsh beatings. Douglass is deeply emasculated by the hours of work he spends out in the fields, as well as the harsh beatings given by Covey. Douglass becomes capable of only resting as a result of his beatings and extensive hours of work. Douglass describes one of his many beatings in great deta il, â€Å"he lashed me till he had worn out hisswitches, cutting me so savagely as to leave the marks visible for a long time after. This whipping was the first of a number just like it, and for similar offences.† (Douglass, X) Slave men were subject to much harsher work than the women, and these two characters are primary examples of such. Douglass and Jacobs were physically abused, but the context of their abuse was completely different based on their gender. Jacob was subject to Dr. Flint’s frequent sexual harassment. Jacobs was continually taken advantage of sexually during her time under his grasp. Jacob’s narrative is quite focused on the fact that she is a woman when writing about her struggles, â€Å"Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women. Superadded to the burden common to all, they have wrongs, and sufferings, and mortifications peculiarly their own.† (Jacobs, XVI) Her abuse physiologically damaged her, and eventually caused her to have an affair with another man just to escape another’s harassment. Jacobs was never able to truly be a woman of her own, she was constantly pressed by the fact that she was a slave and had no right over her own body. She states in her narrative that her body belonged to Dr. Flint, which was harmful to her. The fact Dr. Flint’s harassment led Jacobs to having an affair with another white man who she was not in love with, and eventually led into her hiding delaying her from mothering her children obstructed her chance for her to be a real woman. Douglass’s abuse was completely different but had the same effect on him; he wasn’t able to be a true man. Throughout Douglass’s narrative and mostly in his time under the control of Covey, he describes how his endurance to become a real man faded. Covey truly broke Douglass and continually states that he was everywhere, â€Å"under every tree, behind every stump, in every bush, and at every window, on the plantation.â₠¬  (Douglass, X) Slavery took every ounce of his will to live; he had no interest in reading, writing, or even escaping to become a free man. The effect slavery left on him shows that as a slave, Douglass was not able to be a real man. While both Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobson’s Narratives undergo the corrupt power of slavery in 19th century America and were able to escape, the role of gender in society largely acts as a variance within these two stories. Both characters show that as a slave, they weren’t able to act as a real man or woman. The physical and mental abuse, their childhoods and every aspect of their lives as slaves, hindered them from having a real life for themselves. Though there were similarities in their narratives, their gender truly controlled the course of their lives. Works Cited Douglass, Frederick. â€Å"I,X, XVI,.† Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave. New York: New American Library, 1968. N. pag. Print. Jacobs, Harriet A. â€Å"XVI, IV.† Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. New York: Oxford UP, 1988. N. pag. Print. Notes, C. (2013, April 10th). Class Notes. Print.

The Poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death Explained

Death Stops for No One Jaime Hayes Death Stops for No One The poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson is an extended metaphor on death, comparing it to a journey with a polite gentleman in a carriage taking the speaker on a ride to eternity. Through unusual symbolism, personification and ironic metaphors Dickinson subjugates that death is an elusive yet subtle being. Dickinson portrays death as an optimistic endeavor while most people have a gruesome perspective of death. This poem’s setting mirrors the circumstances by which death approaches, and death seems kind and compassionate.This poem is written in six quatrains. They are broken up into when she first meets death, through their carriage ride observing different stages of life to death and ultimately, to eternity. These quatrains give the poem unity and make it easy to read and interpret. The cadence of this poem, which is sneakily undulating, is lulling and attractive; you can almost ima gine it being set to the clomping of the horses’ hooves. Although the conversation is set between the speaker and Death, the horses’ hooves always seem to be in the background.The first quatrain starts out with the speaker communicating in past tense about death being a kind gentleman coming to stop for her, implying that she is already dead. Death is personified and introduced as one of the leading character and is also the focus of the poem; â€Å"Because I could not stop for death/ He kindly stopped for me. † (Dickinson, 1863, 1-2) By endowing death with human characteristics it becomes less frightening to the speaker as well as the reader. The fact that he â€Å"kindly† stopped is both a reassurance that his arrival was not unpleasant and an expression of the poet’s wit.It is ironic in a humorous way that death is kind. The speaker could not stop for death, meaning she is not ready to die, but death came anyway. Here, it becomes clear that deat h is inescapable and arrives on its own time. Death stops being an end and becomes instead the beginning of eternal life. When Death stops for her, he is accompanied by Immortality inside their carriage; â€Å"The Carriage held but just Ourselves/And Immortality. † (Dickinson, 1863, 3-4) The carriage is a metaphor for the way in which we make our final passage into death; a mode of transportation to the afterlife.At the time the poem was written a man and a woman were typically escorted by a chaperone, in this poem, Immortality is their chaperone. Immortality is also the reward or reason for the two, the speaker and Death, coming together. If the promise of immortality did not exist, one would never go along willingly, nor would one welcome death without fear. Dickinson begins the second quatrain as death’s journey, which is a slow, forward movement, which can be seen through the writing; â€Å"We slowly drove – he knew no haste. (Dickinson, 1863, 5) The slow r ide emphasizes the seriousness and solemn nature of this carriage ride or perhaps implies a slow and painful death by a debilitating disease. A sense of tranquility is felt here, as though the speaker is well acquainted with the fact that this ride will be her last. The speaker does not resist this ride but instead gives up her labor and leisure and succumbs to death; â€Å"And I had put away/My labor and my leisure too/For his civility. † (Dickinson, 1863, p. 6-8)The cadence of the poem begins to speed up as Death, Immortality and the speaker continue on their journey; â€Å"We passed the School, where Children strove/At Recess – in the Ring-/We passed the Fields of Grazing Grain/We passed the Setting Sun. † (Dickinson, 1863, 9-12) All three of these images suggest different stages of life; the children in the school yard at recess depict the early stages of life, the fields of grazing grain represent the middle stages of life and adulthood, the setting of the sun is the final stage of life.She notices the daily routine that she is leaving behind, but continues not to fight with Death. In this quatrain, Dickinson uses an anaphora â€Å"We passed† in order to help the poem progress as well as tie it together to reinforce that the different stages of life are passing them by. Here, one can assume the trip takes a while, as it was light when the journey began and now the sun is setting and night begins. The poem slows back down again as the fourth quatrain begins and death seems to be setting in; â€Å"Or rather – He passed Us. † (Dickinson, 1863, 13) This line refers to the setting of the sun from the previous quatrain.This symbolizes the transition from life to death, the sun passes them referring to how she is beyond the concept of time and she descends into eternity. There is a reference to the change in temperature and how the speaker is not dressed appropriately for this change; â€Å"The Dews drew quivering and c hill-/For only Gossamer, my Gown/My Tippet – only Tulle. † (Dickinson, 1863, 14-16) This quatrain suggests not only the literal coldness that comes from not dressing appropriately, but also the emotional coldness that occurs when dealing with ones death.The only physical entities that hold value to the speaker anymore are now her Gossamer gown and her tippet made from tulle. The fifth quatrain describes the grave or tomb the carriage has arrived at, relating it to a house; â€Å"We passed before a House that seemed/A Swelling of the Ground/The Roof was scarcely visible/The Cornice in the Ground† (Dickinson, 1863, 17-20) The way the grave is being described implies a sense of comfort for the speaker. Metaphorically, cornice in the ground is the speaker’s coffin, or more specifically the molding around the coffins lid. Here, it is the only visible part of the house itself.The graves description and the fact that there is no door, only a roof, suggests that t here is no escape from death once she enters the house. The poem ends with what seems like the speaker looking back on her life from her final destination in eternity. Time suddenly loses meaning, hundreds of years feel no different than a day; â€Å"Since then – ‘tis Centuries – and yet/Feels shorter than the Day (Dickinson, 1863, 21-22) The setting shifts in this last quatrain when the reader finds out the place in the beginning of the poem is from long ago and the speaker is telling this story long into the afterlife.Immortality is the goal hinted at in the first quatrain where â€Å"Immortality† is the other occupant in the carriage, yet it is not until this quatrain that we see the speaker has obtained it. As the speaker is looking at the past events through an eternal looking glass, she says that life, like the â€Å"Horses’ Heads† that picked her up, leads toward â€Å"Eternity. † In this last quatrain death ceases to be what d eath is, an end, but instead becomes an eternal journey of immortality.By ending with the word â€Å"eternity† the poem itself performs this eternity trailing off into the infinite. It is shown through Dickinson’s use of unconventional metaphors that no matter what one thinks about life and how busy one may be; death is never too busy to stop for anyone. Dickinson’s feelings are expressed through unusual symbolism to the reader; comparing death to a carriage ride with a kind gentleman and immortality. It is through the promise of immortality that fear is removed and death not only becomes acceptable, but welcomed as well.