Technology. The Way Of The Future? :: essays research papers

The 90's has been a decade full of controversial and world changing events. The first one I could think of would have to be the Persian Gulf War with Iraq. I think that war brought together the United States, stopped our fighting with each other, and helped us focus on one common enemy, Saddam Hussein. The next thing we did was send troops to Haiti and to Somalia to help protect the people and the failing governments. Once again the United States was brought together in a time of war. However, I believe that the one true Zeitgeist of the 90's isn't the wars that brought us together but the information and technology age that will break us apart. The way that new products are being developed each day in the next 10 to 20 years almost everything will be automated and many being will be out of a job doing nothing. The Internet is now one of the biggest things in the world today with the help of companies like American on Line, CompuServe, Prodigy, Phillips Web Tv and all the other companies that are trying to get rich off of it. They say people can stay in the safety of their home while they can shop, talk to people online and even send things like birthday cards thanks to companies that advertise on the web like Hallmark and Disney's family page. The Internet also offers a way to get information from a wide variety of sources like Compton's Encyclopedia and other useful tools. The Internet offers all of this stuff for us to browse through without leaving our home that pretty soon no one will leave their home especially with newer technology coming out everyday. Computers are the wave of the future and with modems and the Internet and now teleconferencing many more people will be staying at home while they work. New inventions like processing chips that can run billions of commands in a matter of seconds that soon will be able to take control of robots and other machinery that will make human work obsolete. Detroit, Michigan home of the General Motors automotive company was once a huge flourishing community that had a huge population base. Now it is all made up of a few factories that have a very small population base that is mainly operated by machinery and giant robots. Just recently both of my parents started to work out of there homes.

Market Entry Strategies

Introduction Market entry strategies refer to modes of accessing a share of clients en masse in a new environment. This paper will give an overview of different market entry options available and their extent of applicability in the Abu Dhabi National Hotels Company’s effort to enter the US market. It will also evaluate Abu Dhabi National Hotels Company by considering indirect market entry options in entering the US market. Market entry strategies Market entry strategies can be divided into two broad categories: indirect and direct market.In choosing either of these, one should have analyzed the company in context using various analytical tools. The analysis should focus on the companies’ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities available and threats that the company might be experiencing. It also involves accessing balancing of costs, control and risks. A company should be determined to operate internationally before choosing a market entry strategy. It should also be conv inced also understand that she is about to undertake a long term inflexible commitment whose withdraw would be costly.The results that these will deliver will determine, in the case of Abu Dhabi National Hotels Company, the best entry strategy (Jalan, 2004:234). Direct entry strategy. Exporting There are various modes of direct market entry. In the case, of Abu Dhabi Company exporting is not an option since it is a service delivery company. Besides, this strategy would result in reduced control and higher risks in investment. In addition, Abu Dhabi National has a higher asset base, therefore, can engage in a promising investment strategy (Jalan, 2004:234).Licensing and Franchising Licensing and franchising can be a viable alternative if the Company wishes to have minimal financial and control commitments. In licensing, Abu Dhabi National Hotels will purchase trading rights from a potential partner in the US. This means it may not retain its current trademarks and other intellectual property- it will outsource from the licenser. Licensing is whereby a local company grants a foreign company the right to use its intellectual property.In licensing, the Abu Dhabi Company will incur costs of purchase of third party rights of which it will operate under. Franchising is whereby; the Franchiser (parent company) grants a foreign company (franchisee) the right to do business in a prescribed way. In cases where a country restricts importation, licensing would be viable means of penetrating such a market for foreign investors (Jalan, 2004:235,236). Contract Manufacturing In search for a means to foreign markets, contract manufacturing may also be an alternative.In this strategy, a company operating multinational business will contract foreign companies to produce such goods while it retains the duty of marketing them. This would be unlikely option for Abu Dhabi National Hotels since it is a service based company (Jalan, 2004:235).. Management Contracting In Management cont racting, the international firm supplies management knowledge for another in the foreign country. The technical advisory firm may not be stakeholder of the said company. Its role is to manage without the risk of loss and benefit ownership.This would be beneficial entry tool for the Abu Dhabi because the local knowledge adaptable to the new environment there can be outsources locally (Jalan, 2004:235). Indirect market entry strategy Indirect Exporting In indirect market entry, indirect exporting is one of the alternatives. In this method, a company manufactures its goods and allows other companies to export these goods to foreign countries. The main concern here is since expertise is necessary in penetrating the new market a hired firm will do it in precision to promote its client.The firms sought after in this strategy are those with longtime the experience. This method also involves the lowest risk factor for companies with no foreign experience like in this case of Abu Dhabi Natio nal Hotels (Giligan1986:101, Zisa, 2008:12). Direct Exporting This mode of accessing the foreign market involves high costs in transporting and marketing. The firm here manufactures goods in one country and then incurs the cost of marketing them abroad. This may take place through sales by foreign distributors, sales agents, overseas sales subsidiaries (Chee and Harris 1998:294).Strategic Alliance Another alternative would turn out to be strategic alliance. In this strategy, the company would form an alliance with its potential competitors in the working environment. Conclusion The US is one of the world’s economic towers. Abu Dhabi National Hotel Company rationale can be justified by the fact that there is a potential market in America. The state also enjoys stable politics although currently there are uncertainties linked to the politics of this world military superpower.That is why franchising or licensing would be a likely method for the Abu Dhabi Hotel Company. Besides, strategic alliance and creation of mergers would cushion the Hotel Company from uncertainties in the foreign market. By fact, market entry strategies have a profound effect on how a firm may access a given market in the globe. They also influence the profits made and the risks that may turn out to threats in the future. Making such a concrete decision requires evaluation of the company’s current strengths, asset base, bargaining power and foreign business policies.With these at hand, a firm can make such a longtime commitment in the foreign market once the marketer has arrived at an appropriate entry strategy. (Gillespie et al, 2011:247,248) References Andexer Thomas (2008) Analysis and Evaluation of Market Entry Modes Into the Asia-Pacific Region. Norderstedt, GRIN Verlag Chee Harold, Harris Rod (1998), Global Marketing Strategy. London. Pitman Publishers Gillespie Kate, Jeannet Jean-Pierre, Hennessey H. David (2011) Global Marketing. Mason OH. Cengage Learning.Gilligan Coli n, Martin Hird, (1986) International Marketing: Strategy and Management Kent-Great Britain Mackays of Chatham Ltd. Jalan P. K. (2004) Industrial Sector Reforms In Globalization Era. New Delhi, Prabhat Kumar Sarma Tielmann Viktor (2010) Market Entry Strategies: International Marketing Management Norderstedt, GRIN Verlag Yoshino Michael Y. and Rangan Srinivasa U. (1995). Strategic Alliances: An Entrepreneurial Approach to Globalization Harvard, Harvard University Press Zisa Letizia (2010) Positioning and Opportunity Assessment Report with Main Focus on Germany, China USA, New Zealand. Norderstedt, GRIN Verlag. Market Entry Strategies Companies have a wide range of possibilities for market entry strategies; however, they need to choose the right one for each market, bearing in mind the particular circumstances (Johnston 1998:101). When making marketing decisions, the service exporter should keep in mind some universal characteristics of services that set them apart from goods: intangibility, degree of inseparability, human intensiveness, propriety knowledge, perishability, and heterogeneity (Reif 1997:19). Depending on the service, one particular quality may be more applicable than the others. The combination of services’ intangible characteristics, along with other qualities, expand both the possibilities and obstacles for international market entry strategies of service providers, and any market entry strategy must be accompanied by a clear understanding of what delineates the difference between a service and a goods export (Reif 1997:20). There are several proven market entry methods and channels that a service exporter can utilize without the resource commitment necessary for foreign direct investment. Every service provider must decide which method of market entry will provide the greatest chance of market penetration. According to Reif, a service firm’s success will depend on four factors such as alliances with local companies, the ability to protect intellectual property, advertising, and marketing strategies and access to financial resources. Also, what marketing venue the firm decides to take will ultimately depend upon its internal capacity and creativity drive, and tenacity of its overseas partners. Market entry methods consist of all the possible alternatives to developing a business presence in a foreign market. Three major market entry strategies available for the service provider are exporting, contractual agreements and foreign direct investment (Reif 1997:21). A business deciding to offer its product outside its domestic home market has various entry strategy options such as: exporting the product already produced for the home market; licensing the product idea or production supplies to a third party who operates across national boundaries or in overseas markets; franchising arrangements – such as McDonald’s outlets in many countries; joint venture between a domestic company and a foreign company or government, or strategic alliance to form partnerships across national boundaries; the use of trading companies, that provide links between buyers and sellers in different countries; or foreign direct investment – possibly including the acquisition of an established business – which is long term commitment to a non-domestic market and is resource-demanding (Dibbs 2004:220). The degree of commitment begins, as it were, with direct selling overseas (exporting), and ends with a complex business investment in foreign markets such as a production facility or international joint venture (Copper 1998: 322). According to Copper, firms will engage heavily in international business operations tend not to make distinction between home and overseas business, just like for example, Zeneca, the major UK pharmaceuticals producer, which makes this a plank of its mission statement. Regardless of a firm’s market entry decision, the particular strategy that drives a services firm must correspond with the legal framework for business that exist in a targeted country, and the requirements concerning the scope of practice and legal structure of business should be carefully examined (Reif 1997:21). Choice of market entry depends greatly on variable factors such as current regulatory policy and the extent of domestic competition. Relationships are going to become increasingly international with inter-firm cooperation spanning a multiplicity of cultures, languages, and outlooks, thus, the international marketing in the future will almost need more competencies in communication and relationship management than even in the immediate past. List of References Cooper, C. L., & Argyris, C.   (1998). The Concise Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management. New York: Blackwell Publishing. Dibb, S., & Simkin, L. (2004). Marketing Briefs: A Revision and Study Guide. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann. Johnston, S., & Beaton, H.   (1998). Foundations of International Marketing. London: Thomson Learning EMEA. Reif, J., Ditterich, K. M., Larsen, M. G., & Ostrea, R. A.   (1997). Services–the Export of the 21st Century: A Guidebook for US Service Exporters. New York: World Trade Press. Stone, M. A., McCall, J. B.   (2004). International Strategic Marketing: A European Perspective. New York: Routledge.         

Compairing Of Two Civil War Leaders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1078 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Two important names that will forever be linked with the American Civil War are Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Compairing Of Two Civil War Leaders" essay for you Create order The rivalry of these two men is surrounded by pivotal moments in the history of the United States. Though the two men differed in almost every aspect of their lives, they also shared several similarities. Both men were powerful leaders in their own way, in spite of coming from different backgrounds, and leading their respective troops in the way they best saw fit. Grant came from a working-class family, he was a nationalist with ideas that privilege and respect was earned through hard work. Lee was brought up among the aristocratic society in Virginia, and believed the separation among social classes was necessary. While Lee and Grant each had their own unique ideals that garnered their success, they also both possessed several of the same traits that made the two men more alike than they probably realized. Ulysses S. Grant served as the general to the Norths Union Army during the Civil War. Born in Ohio, Grant was no stranger to hard work and perseverance, growing up in a working-class family. In the time leading up to the Civil War he was not a well-known man, unlike his parallel. Grant had fallen on hard times, unable to support his family, when the South had succeeded from the Union. The North needed experienced officers such as himself, and he was appointed to lead a volunteer regiment. This group of men truly tested the leadership skills of Grant. The regiment had been deemed untrainable, but he was able to instill discipline, and in turn gained the groups allegiance and respect (Waugh, 2017). His ability to inspire and lead a group of men that all others had given up on displayed the patience and time he was willing to put in to his subordinates. His patience can also be seen in the way that he fought too. Throughout battle Grant fought with a calmness that impressed those around him (Waugh, 2017). As the war went on Grant continued to gain more confidence in himself and the Union Army. He was able to learn from his mistakes and mold himself in to a strong role model for those around him. He had an unwavering courage that showed he was a man with a true force of will. Regardless of the outcomes, or setbacks experienced along the way Grant continued to fight, he was able to face uncertainty with strength and determination (Wagner, 2014). Robert E. Lee was born in Virginia and was accustomed to an aristocratic, high society, lifestyle. He served as a general in the Souths Confederate Army during the Civil War. Lee fought to uphold his ideals of society, believing that there should be a working class and a leisure class. He believed that it was an advantage for human kind to have inequity among social classes (Catton, n.d.). A man that chose to lead by example, oftentimes Lee would put himself on the front lines of battle to inspire his people. He was truly compassionate towards his soldiers in the sense that he genuinely wanted them all to succeed. He made sure all of his soldiers were being used to their highest potential by putting them in positions that he knew they would excel in. To Lee it was a leaders responsibility to assist less experienced, or less talented, members of his army by finding them positions that best suited their personal abilities (Crocker, 1999). The loyalty Lees soldiers had towards him can e asily be seen by how willing they were to continue fighting for him. At the end of the Civil War his soldiers were beaten down and struggling, but they regarded Lee as a symbol of everything they were fighting for, and willing to die for (Catton, n.d.). Lees soldiers continued to fight and support him until the very end, when he finally surrendered. Their allegiance to him was more important than their personal feelings about the war they were fighting. While both Grant and Lee were dissimilar in most aspect of their lives, from their differing American experiences, growing up in different social classes, to the way they led their respective armies, it almost does not seem possible that they could also share several similarities. Nonetheless, these men did share several qualities that made it possible for them to be the infamous leaders they were. They both possessed perseverance that resulted in refusal of giving up, regardless of the circumstances that were in their ways. They shared a stubbornness that gave them a sense that they did not want to admit defeat. Each man was a risk taker that used the resources readily available to him to try and achieve success for their army. Along with their undeniable commitment to what they were fighting for was also their tenacity and fidelity to their soldiers and ideals. Both of these virtues are visible through their leadership styles, even though they each led their troops differently. Perhaps most importantly though among the things these men had in common was their ability to so quickly transition from war to peace (Catton, n.d.). After Lee surrendered, they were able to civilly work out the terms, and thus starting a new chapter in American life and history. Grant was willing to accept almost any terms of Lees surrender as long as they were reasonable (Johnson, 2016), show casing their ability of respect and forgiveness. The meeting and discussion they had to work out the terms of surrender also conveyed the mutual respect they had for each other. The behavior of Grant and Lee gave a feeling of hope that there was a possibility for reconciliation between the North and South. In conclusion, though both Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were vastly different they also shared several similarities. It is these difference, and similarities, that have linked their names not only with the Civil War, but as important historical leaders that helped to promote lasting change in the United States. Grant built all of his ideals around hard work and perseverance, while Lee believed in loyalty to society and leading by example. Regardless of their distinct differences, Grant and Lee also shared strong determination, refusal to give up, and the ability to transition quickly from war to peace. Two true great Americans, who despite being almost complete opposites also shared some of the same characteristics and ideals which made them successful.

A Common Misconception Of The Homeless Youth - 1798 Words

A common misconception that still lingers within society today is the belief that a child is a vulnerable innocent in need of protection and nurturing rather than being an active social agent. According to Halsall, â€Å"childhood and youth are not timeless; they are subject to the same historical shifts and institutional factors that shape human experience.† Several complex forces shape children and youth which are uniquely constructed in different societies at different times. Amidst the millions of children in America today, the National Center of Family Homelessness reported that approximately a staggering 2.5 million children in America are homeless each year. In addition, amongst this vast population, it is generally recognized that†¦show more content†¦Poverty can be caused by an abundant number of possibilities that drive families to be homeless. Economic instability has formed uncertainty for countless Americans in the United States (Hallett 3). Numerous fami lies have lost their homes due to the decrease in the production of affordable housing and jobs or have lost their homes from natural disasters or accidents. Other families have slowly lost their homes due to health situations that inevitably take a toll on their career and financial stability. These financial difficulties can tear families apart and have forced families to sell their homes and belongings to live in cars, motels, other people’s homes, or on the streets. Other reasons for children leaving their homes include family environment as a major theme, causing children to run away or be thrown away from their households (Mallett 4). Amongst the homeless youth, many children come from different types of unpleasant family environments. These children encounter neglect, sexual, physical, or emotional abuse by family members; while others encounter family conflict such as different beliefs between the child and guardian (5). Those who experience neglect, sexual, physical, or emotional abuse by family members, for example a child who frequently gets beaten by an alcoholic guardian, tend to runaway from their homes to escape their family situation. However, those who encounter family conflict, for example aShow MoreRelatedHomelessness And The Homeless Youth1442 Words   |  6 Pagesincredibly vulnerable group is the homeless youth due to their young age and lack of education. According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular ni ght in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. 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The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Homeless Youth Provider Survey also assessed the prevalence of LGBT youth within the homeless populations being served by these organizations. According to their findings, as many as 40 percent of homeless youth identify as LGBT. The most common reason found to have caused homelessness amongst LGBT youth was family rejec tion after coming out. The next most common reason forRead MoreProblems Associated With Chinese Australian And Homeless Australian Youths Community And The Strategies Overcoming Those Risks2025 Words   |  9 Pages Culture is a common ground of group of people sharing ideas, beliefs, values and behaviour which is not restricted to ethnicity (Fanany, 2012). Australia is one of the most culturally diverse countries across the world who have their own cultural and social aspects of life. There exist various factors that influences the health of different cultural groups which includes social gradient, social exclusion, unemployment and addiction (Wilkinson Mormot, 2003). Among the variousRead MoreEssay International Adoption1777 Words   |  8 Pagesvol.151). As of 2007, there were 513,000 children living in  foster care  within the United States alone (Rousseau 21:14).International adoption  in the United States was jumpstarted post World War II as a wa y of helping those children who were left homeless, after war had taken their parents. Although there are thousands of healthy  children awaiting adoption  in the United States, several American couples still turn to foreign adoption when seeking potential children. Americans often fail to realizeRead MoreChildren Aging Out Of The Foster Care System1615 Words   |  7 Pagesand many of them never get one. These youths are all hoping and wishing for a permanent place to go back to. The number of children aging out of the foster care system annually is a serious problem because many children leave foster care without support and suffer consequences in their adult life that could have been avoided if they had been adopted. Millions of children are living without parents around the world and they need help. Over 153 million youths around the world are without one or both

How Does Philosophy And Justice Relate Or Go Hand

How does philosophy and justice relate or go hand in hand? As we grow up we are mentally trained on what justice means and describes in our life. The older we become the more we understand the justice and injustice in our political system. We start to see the politicians who have more money have more votes and eventually end up on top of the pole as opposed to the candidate who wasn’t as rich but could have brought our county more justice. We see the different types of government such as dictatorship and absolute monarchy. We begin to learn the different ways countries function and how many fail or take advantage of the goods and the people. Many philosophers have left us the theories, which we follow today. Many different government†¦show more content†¦We will never be satisfied and always want best for our selves and our families. One of Hobbes arguments on ones desires to be superior to other; describing human beings motive for power, vanity, and pleasure. â€Å" Hobbes held that because humans are selfish driven by greed, without government life would be a war of every man against every man and solitary poor, nasty, brutish, and short; to escape the situation, people must agree to subject themselves to a sovereign and give him the power to enforce peace among them† (page. 541). I agree with Hobbes ideas in this matter and I do feel it’s natural we are born this way. We are born and mentally trained to be better to become better and desire better things for our lives. A life with purpose requires ambition of one to have an ultimate goal or desire to strive to become the individual we want to be. We teach our children that they must go to school to get an education and to become someone powerful in the future and generations go on sharing the same idea. Hobbes believes for violence and politics were very unique and particular. He had an idea that the authority should be obeyed at all times regardless of us liking or agreeing to what we are being asked to do. Hobbed, Locke, and Rousseau shared the same ideas on the authority power over us. They believed those who were chosen to govern had the right to lead in the way they felt

Cookery Nutritional Value of the Dishes

Question: Discuss about the Cookery and Nutritional Value of the Dishes. Answer: Nutritional Value The nutritional value of the dishes are explained below- Appetizers- The chicken appetizer items contain fair proportion of calories as well as total fats. The percentage of saturated fats is less as compared to polyunsaturated fats and monounsaturated fats. They also contain minimal traces of vitamins. They have average nutritional value. Soups- It has low concentration of saturated fats and low concentration of cholesterol. It is an excellent source of Selenium, Copper, Potassium and Vitamin C. Tofu- It is an excellent source of Calcium and an excellent source of Copper, Manganese, protein, selenium and phosphorous. Salad- It is the most healthy food option. The green leafy vegetable has high nutritional value. They are high in fibers and possess high amount of vitamins. Fried Rice and noodles- There is high calorie content in fried rice and noodles. It has a high concentration of total fats. Chicken-It is a good source of selenium, protein, niacin, protein, vitamin and phosphorous. Fried chicken- It contains high concentration of cholesterol, calories and fats. Curries- It has blends of healing, antiseptic and preservative characteristics. Stir fry- It affects the nutritional value of the vegetables. The addition of oil increases the fat content. The food retains more amount of anti oxidants. Pork- It has high vitamin content and helps the individual to keep his organs healthy. It has high source of proteins. Beef- This food item is low in sodium and an excellent source of vitamin c, protein, phosphorous, iron, selenium and copper. Seafood- This food is excellent source of protein. It promotes good health as it is low in cholesterol and sodium. Chef recommendation- This varies from one restaurant to others. Grill- The grilled food gives unique flavor to the foods and is a healthier food option. Dessert- This is a food that is high in sweet content and is a favorite food after the meal. Compatibility with dietary requirements The compatibility of the food items with the dietary needs are discussed as follows- Appetizers- It has low saturated fats. It also contains a moderate degree of sodium and potassium. It is provides high energy. Soups- It contains high concentration of sodium. It has good nutritional requirements and low fat. Tofu- It has high concentration of proteins and contains low cholesterol. It is a part of vegetarian diet. Salad- It has low fat, low cholesterol and portion size is moderate. Fried Rice and noodles- It has high carbohydrate, high energy and are often categorized under food restrictions. Chicken- It has modified sodium or potassium concentration, good nutritional requirements and is classified under food preferences. Fried chicken- It has high carbohydrate, low protein and under food restrictions. Curries- It is suitable for modified texture diet. It is low fat and contains low gluten. Stir fry- It is gluten free, low cholesterol and high energy food. Pork- It has low fat, high protein and high fiber content. Beef- It has high protein, low fat and provides high energy Sea Food- It is gluten free food with low fat and high protein. Chef recommendation- Depending on the items, these can be low protein, high carbohydrates and high energy foods. Grill- It has low fat, high protein and under the list of food preferences. Dessert-It has high carbohydrate and diabetic in nature. It is usually under food restrictions. Sometimes, it may be allowed by the dieticians. Recommendations The menu should accommodate more healthy food options. The pork and beef should be cooked in minimal oil. This would lead to low cholesterol of the people who are eating them. The fried chicken should be replaced with ordinary chicken. This would decrease the risk of diabetes and possible heart diseases in the customers. The fried rice should be cooked in a healthy manner so that it becomes a low fat food alternative. Impact of the change There would be certain changes in terms of the procurement of the raw materials, cooking process and the associated costs involved- Ingredients- There should be healthy raw materials for preparing the dishes. There should be increased use of olive oil, which has properties for reducing the incidences of cardiovascular diseases (Boskou, 2015). There should be increased procurement of green leafy vegetables. Cooking process- The method of frying foods should be avoided and healthier options should be opted like roasting, baking, grilling, steaming and others (Li et al., 2013). Cost- The adoption of healthy food ingredients and healthy cooking processes may increase the cost of the production. References Boskou, D. (Ed.). (2015).Olive oil: chemistry and technology. Elsevier. Li, W., Andersen, V. A., Kane, K. J., Svencer, S., Andrews, B., Wedick, N. M., ... Olendzki, B. C. (2013). Evaluation of Restaurant Menus to Determine the Availability of Healthy Food Options and Guide Community Transformation Grant Activities in Massachusetts.

Napoleons Retreat from Moscow

During the nineteenth century, Europe witnessed a lot of activities that influenced the manner in which various countries related to each other. Imperialism was one of the major events that occurred in Europe during this time. It was majorly triggered by industrialization and other political reasons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this process, most of the European powers aimed at extending their hegemony to other territories especially to the small nations that had weak economies and poor military installations. For example, Britain and France were among the strongest countries in Europe in the nineteenth century and they always conquered small territories in order to fulfill their political and economic interests. Imperialism was characterized by wars of conquests which had far reaching effects. â€Å"For a very long time, France domina ted the land power while Britain was leading in the sea power† (Lieven 234). The war events had devastating effects on people. Hence, many individuals got interested in analyzing the nature of war and how it impacted on the society. The manner in which people perceived war also varied. For example, some people glorified it while others detested it. Artists were among the people who tried to analyze the wars. Adolf Northern was a prominent German painter in the nineteenth. â€Å"He was born in Mà ¼nden, Hannover and was a pupil of Dà ¼sseldorf Painting Academy† (Royal Academy of Fine Art of San Fernando 12). Most of his paintings focused on battle scenes, especially the events that occurred during Napoleonic Wars. â€Å"Some of his great works included the Prussian Attack and Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow which depicts the failure of the 1812 invasion of Russia by Napoleon† (Royal Academy of Fine Art of San Fernando 17). â€Å"By 1812 Napoleon had conqu ered the whole of continental Europe – from southern Italy to the Baltic and from Portugal to Poland† (Connelly 345). The French attack on Russia in1812 is also popularly referred to as the 1812 Patriotic War. This war had a lot of implications on the Napoleonic conflicts.Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The war affected the European politics and it also seriously weakened the Hegemony of France in Europe. Napoleon who for a very long time had remained a military genius was seriously shaken by the war. Prussia and Austria which had been France allies also switched camps and this led to the Sixth Coalition War. The war started in 1812 when River Neman was crossed by Napoleon’s forces. Napoleon’s main motive was to avert the possible invasion of Poland by Russia. â€Å"Napoleon named the campaign, a Second Polish War; the Russian government proclaimed a Patriotic War† (Taylor 57). Approximately five hundred thousand French soldiers invaded Western Russia and managed to win some minor engagements. In addition to this, they won a key battle in August at Smolensk. However, their success was short-lived and the Russian soldiers soon managed to contain some of the French soldiers. This prevented them from invading Saint Petersburg that served as the Russian capital. The Russians mainly employed the scotch earth policy as one of the major tactics for attacking their opponents. They also attacked the French soldiers using light Cossack cavalry. However, their army kept on retreating for about three months. Of all the Napoleonic wars, this battle became the most dangerous and it was fought by approximately two hundred and fifty thousand troops. The war culminated to seventy thousand casualties. â€Å"The French captured the battlefield, but failed to destroy the Russian army† (Zamoyski 453). Moreover, the Russians could regain their losses while the French did not mange to regain their stability. â€Å"The Russian retreat was significant for two reasons; firstly, the move was to the south and not to the east; secondly, the Russians immediately began operations that would continue to deplete the French forces† (Lieven 567). Finally, Napoleon reached Moscow in the middle of September after another retreat by the Russian soldiers. However, by this time the city had been deserted by the Russians and even the prisoners had been freed in order to cause more trouble to the French army. â€Å"Alexander 1 refused to capitulate and the peace talks that Napoleon initiated failed† (Connelly 124). In October, Napoleon started retreating from Moscow after realizing that he could not win the war. The French soldiers begun to suffer when they were blocked by the Russian troops from reaching Kaluga, where they could probably get food and forage supplies. â€Å"The replenished Russian soldiers barricaded th e road networks and this forced Napoleon to retreat the same way he had come to Moscow, through the heavily ravaged areas a long the Smolensk road† (Zamoyski 78).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Inadequate food supply and continuous use of guerrilla tactics by the Russian military caused a great catastrophe to the French soldiers† (Connelly 69). The war had many far reaching effects both on the Russian and French soldiers. The invasion of Moscow by the French soldiers seriously impacted on its development activities. As the conflict ensued, many people fled their homes and businesses. This led to the disruption of economic activities that were conducted in Moscow. Consequently, there was a serious economic decline. A lot of property was also destroyed during the battle. This led to a lot of suffering among the Russians whos e properties and homes were destroyed. The French soldiers also damaged the roads and bridges as they retreated from Moscow. The destruction of infrastructure led to serious communication problems. The French soldiers who had been using horses as their major mode of transportation were seriously affected by the massive death of their horses. Most of the horses died of starvation due to lack of grass, while others were killed during the war. Because of starvation, the French soldiers also fed on some of their horses. The massive death of horses had serious implications on the French army because of the following reasons. First, they were forced to abandon most of their canons and wagons in Russia. The abandonment of their equipment led to serious logistical hitches since they could not get food and other important supplies. The stability of their military was also affected by the death of their horses which they used to transport soldiers and other military equipment. There was an in crease in the number of deserters and most of them were either imprisoned or killed by the Russian peasants. As a result of these challenges, the French army collapsed. â€Å"The crossing of river Berezina was the final French catastrophe of the war as two Russian armies inflicted horrendous casualties on the remnants of the Grande Armà ©e as it struggled to escape across pontoon bridges† (Connelly 345). Many people died during the war and this led to a sharp decline in the population of French and Russian troops. It is estimated that Napoleon had lost over half of his military by the time he was retreating back to his country. The winter weather also partly contributed to the high death toll of soldiers during the war. During winter, the cold weather affected the health of most of the soldiers and they contacted diseases because they could not cope with the extreme weather conditions.Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The winter weather came at a time when the French soldiers were retreating and they were really exhausted after several months of fighting. Therefore, they could not survive in such conditions. During the retreat, the soldiers experienced serious starvation because they could not access food and clean water. The outcome of this war had serious implications on Napoleon’s government which had remained dominant in Europe for along time. â€Å"This war was the reason the other coalition allies triumphed once and for all over Napoleon† (Royal Academy of Fine Art of San Fernando 128). His army was seriously destroyed and this lowered his self esteem. Even his soldiers who were still remaining in Russia were also psychologically affected by the defeat and they could no longer cope with the battle in Russia. This war also brought to an end to the Napoleonic wars and he went for exile in Elba Island. The Patriotic Movement also gave the Russians a strong desire to fight for dem ocracy in their country. Consequently, there were many revolutions which ensued after the war. For example, there was the Decembrist revolt and it was later followed by the February Revolution that occurred in 1917. The defeat of Napoleon did not end his desire to remain dominant in Europe. After one year, he managed to rebuild another big army which had approximately five hundred thousand troops. His new army was also barked by allied troops. He used his army to challenge Germany in another fierce battle. During the battle of Dresden, he was out numbered but he still managed to claim victory over Germany. Napoleon managed to maintain his stability until he was finally defeated at the battle of Nations when he could not get enough soldiers to defend France against coalition forces. â€Å"Napoleon did still manage to inflict heavy losses and a series of minor military victories on the far larger Allied armies as they drove towards Paris, though they captured the city and forced him to abdicate in 1814† (Lieven 421). The Russian campaign exposed Napoleon’s leadership weaknesses that led to the fall of his victory. It was noted that he made so many mistakes during the war and these mistakes largely contributed to his massive losses. For example, he refused to withdraw his military from France at the time he was attacking Russia. This meant that he had to fight at two fronts and this was not easy for him to manage because he wanted success on both sides. The series of battles that France engaged in finally weakened its stability and hegemony in Europe. â€Å"Even though Napoleon was finally defeated, his invasion of Russia is listed among the most lethal military operations in world history† (Connelly 169). The works of Adolf Northern are still widely recognized in academic circles and they have always been used to analyze the war events of eighteenth and nineteenth century. Works Cited Connelly, Owen. Blundering to Glory: Napoleon’s Mi litary Campaigns. New York: Rowman Littlefield , 2006. Lieven, Dominic. Russia Against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace. New york: Wiley, 2010. Royal Academy of Fine Art of San Fernando. The Disasters of War. New York: Dover Publishing, 1967. Taylor, Don. The Women of Troy. New York: Methuen Drama, 2007. Zamoyski, Adam. Moscow 1812: Napoleon’s Fatal March. London: Harper Perennial, 2005. 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